{ "schemaVersion": 1, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "coverage": "27 campus-specific identity, location, profile or source-scope reviews/additions; no all-inventory certification.", "facilities": [ { "id": "nebius-vineland-nj", "name": "DataOne / Nebius — Vineland AI campus", "status": "under_construction", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nj.gov/drbc/library/documents/Pindar_DataCenters_NJWSAC041726.pdf", "label": "DRBC April 17 presentation: 805 Sheridan campus address, slide 32", "publisher": "Delaware River Basin Commission", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.classaction.org/media/montgomery-et-al-v-dataone-usa-llc.pdf", "label": "Filed May 26, 2026 complaint: 3963 S Lincoln facility address and noise allegations", "publisher": "U.S. District Court filing, copy hosted by ClassAction.org", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://nj.gov/governor/news/2026/approved/20260922a.shtml", "label": "September 22, 2026 official $1.07M air-permit penalty and 62 generators", "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New Jersey", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-data-center-fined/", "label": "September 22 reporting: noise complaints and generator mitigation", "publisher": "WHYY", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://nebius.com/vinelandnj", "label": "Operator: continuing construction, 2027 target and planned mitigation", "publisher": "Nebius", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-accelerates-us-expansion-adding-up-to-300-mw-capacity-at-new-data-center-in-new-jersey", "kind": "press", "label": "Nebius accelerates US expansion, adding up to 300 MW capacity at new data center in New Jersey", "publisher": "Nebius", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07" }, { "url": "https://nebius.com/blog/posts/300-mw-new-jersey-and-iceland-regions", "kind": "press", "label": "We're introducing the 300 MW New Jersey region and expanding to Iceland", "publisher": "Nebius", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07" }, { "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/dataone-to-build-nebius-data-center-in-new-jersey/", "kind": "press", "label": "DataOne to build Nebius data center in New Jersey", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07" }, { "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/data-center-artificial-intelligence-vineland-new-jersey/", "kind": "press", "label": "Vineland residents are protesting AI data center as concerns mount over emissions", "publisher": "WHYY", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07" }, { "url": "https://pinelandsalliance.org/dataone-vineland-town-hall/", "kind": "other", "label": "A Town Hall Too Late – Vineland Data Center", "publisher": "Pinelands Alliance", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07" }, { "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/new-jersey/ai-data-center-vineland-south-jersey-expansion-20260122.html", "kind": "press", "label": "South Jersey's largest data center is being built in Vineland. Some residents say they've had no say in the process.", "publisher": "Philadelphia Inquirer", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07" }, { "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-data-center-hearing-power-generation/", "kind": "press", "label": "'Vineland data center makes case for on-site power generation during 6-hour hearing' — WHYY, 6 August 2026", "publisher": "WHYY", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-planning-board-approves-data-center-plan/", "kind": "press", "label": "'Vineland planning board approves 2nd phase of 300-megawatt data center plan' — WHYY, 18 August 2026", "publisher": "WHYY", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "url": "https://sjclimate.news/8420/essays/what-exactly-is-dataone-building-in-vineland/", "kind": "press", "label": "What exactly is DataOne building in Vineland?", "publisher": "South Jersey Climate News", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-21" }, { "url": "https://nebius.com/vinelandnj", "kind": "other", "label": "Nebius x Vineland, New Jersey", "publisher": "Nebius", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-21" }, { "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-data-center-stop-work-orders/", "kind": "press", "label": "City of Vineland, N.J. issues stop-work order to parts of data center", "publisher": "WHYY", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-21" } ], "location": { "lat": 39.429938955264, "lon": -75.016379061249, "city": "Vineland", "state": "NJ", "county": "Cumberland", "street": "805 Sheridan Avenue", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "08361", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for DRBC-published campus address; not nearest campus edge or generator location", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07" }, "operator": "Nebius Group", "facilityType": "data_center", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "confidence": "reviewed_sources", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 39.4862, "lon": -74.992, "city": "Vineland", "state": "NJ", "county": "Cumberland", "street": "South Lincoln Avenue", "precision": "exact" }, "recordUrl": "https://www.nj.gov/drbc/library/documents/Pindar_DataCenters_NJWSAC041726.pdf", "statusNote": "Current operator FAQ describes ongoing construction and a 2027 AI-factory target. Reports document operating temporary generators and earlier data rooms during construction; the whole campus is not treated as fully commissioned. Generator-removal and fuel-cell transition completion are unverified.", "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "805 Sheridan Avenue", "city": "Vineland", "state": "NJ", "postalCode": "08361", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://www.nj.gov/drbc/library/documents/Pindar_DataCenters_NJWSAC041726.pdf" }, { "kind": "physical", "street": "3963 South Lincoln Avenue", "city": "Vineland", "state": "NJ", "postalCode": "08361", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://www.classaction.org/media/montgomery-et-al-v-dataone-usa-llc.pdf" } ], "noiseProfile": { "kind": "industrial_campus", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "exposure": "continuous_generation", "facts": [ "Large AI campus with temporary natural-gas generation documented in a July 2026 inspection.", "Fuel cells and enclosed chillers are operator plans; completion and current sound are not established." ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://nj.gov/governor/news/2026/approved/20260922a.shtml", "https://nebius.com/vinelandnj" ], "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 39.429938955264, "lon": -75.016379061249, "city": "Vineland", "state": "NJ", "county": "Cumberland", "street": "805 Sheridan Avenue", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "08361", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for DRBC-published campus address; not nearest campus edge or generator location", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07" } }, "locationCheck": { "id": "nebius-vineland-nj", "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 39.429938955264, "lon": -75.016379061249, "street": "805 Sheridan Avenue", "city": "Vineland", "state": "NJ", "county": "Cumberland" }, "notes": [ "Physical address and facility identity reviewed with explicit sources. Census street-range estimate for DRBC-published campus address; not nearest campus edge or generator location" ] }, "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Census street-range estimate for DRBC-published campus address; not nearest campus edge or generator location" }, { "id": "mara-granbury-hood-tx", "name": "MARA — Granbury / Wolf Hollow crypto mine", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://earthjustice.org/document/texas-cryptomining-suit-citizens-concerned-about-wolf-hollow-v-marathon-digital-holdings-inc", "label": "Filed October 4, 2024 petition: mine address and noise allegations", "publisher": "Hood County court filing, hosted by Earthjustice", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://earthjustice.org/press/2025/granbury-residents-demand-answers-from-maras-bitcoin-mine-as-lawsuit-over-noise-nuisance-continues", "label": "September 3, 2025 plaintiff counsel: noise litigation continues", "publisher": "Earthjustice (plaintiff counsel)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.maragranbury.com/", "label": "Operator: mitigation and sound-compliance claims", "publisher": "MARA", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1507605/000150760526000007/mara-20251231.htm", "kind": "filing", "label": "MARA Holdings FY2025 Form 10-K — Operations, GC Data Center Acquisition (Granbury, TX and Kearney, NE)", "publisher": "SEC EDGAR", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17" }, { "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/marathon-digital-granbury-tx", "kind": "other", "label": "Marathon Digital / MARA Granbury, TX data center", "publisher": "Baxtel", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17" }, { "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2025/10/09/texas-hood-county-crypto-noise-incorporate-city/", "kind": "press", "label": "Noise from crypto mine pushes Texas neighbors to start a town (MARA Granbury, Hood County)", "publisher": "The Texas Tribune", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17" } ], "location": { "lat": 32.343826288712, "lon": -97.731635702434, "city": "Granbury", "state": "TX", "county": "Hood", "precision": "approximate", "street": "2001 Mitchell Bend Highway", "postalCode": "76048", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for court-identified mine address; not a rig, cooling fan, or boundary location", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07" }, "operator": "MARA Holdings", "facilityType": "crypto_mining", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "confidence": "reviewed_sources", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_addition", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 32.4427, "lon": -97.7871, "city": "Granbury", "state": "TX", "county": "Hood", "precision": "approximate" }, "recordUrl": "https://earthjustice.org/document/texas-cryptomining-suit-citizens-concerned-about-wolf-hollow-v-marathon-digital-holdings-inc", "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "2001 Mitchell Bend Highway", "city": "Granbury", "state": "TX", "postalCode": "76048", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://earthjustice.org/document/texas-cryptomining-suit-citizens-concerned-about-wolf-hollow-v-marathon-digital-holdings-inc" } ], "statusNote": "The mine is distinct from the adjacent Wolf Hollow gas plant. Plaintiff counsel reported continuing litigation in September 2025. MARA describes sound barriers, immersion cooling and legal compliance; current resolution is not independently verified.", "noiseProfile": { "kind": "crypto_mine", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "exposure": "outdoor_fans", "facts": [ "Court filings describe outdoor mining rigs and cooling-fan noise; these are allegations.", "MARA reports extensive conversion to immersion cooling and sound-wall mitigation; this does not establish silence at every nearby home." ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://earthjustice.org/document/texas-cryptomining-suit-citizens-concerned-about-wolf-hollow-v-marathon-digital-holdings-inc", "https://www.maragranbury.com/" ], "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 32.343826288712, "lon": -97.731635702434, "city": "Granbury", "state": "TX", "county": "Hood", "precision": "approximate", "street": "2001 Mitchell Bend Highway", "postalCode": "76048", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for court-identified mine address; not a rig, cooling fan, or boundary location", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07" } }, "locationCheck": { "id": "mara-granbury-hood-tx", "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 32.343826288712, "lon": -97.731635702434, "street": "2001 Mitchell Bend Highway", "city": "Granbury", "state": "TX", "county": "Hood" }, "notes": [ "Physical address and facility identity reviewed with explicit sources. Census street-range estimate for court-identified mine address; not a rig, cooling fan, or boundary location" ] }, "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Census street-range estimate for court-identified mine address; not a rig, cooling fan, or boundary location" }, { "id": "coresite-dc1-washington-d-c-dc", "name": "CoreSite DC1 — Washington, D.C.", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/dc1-washington-d-c", "label": "Operator: DC1 address and colocation profile", "publisher": "CoreSite", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://assets-global.website-files.com/5d95bce2cfbd82fc0aa712b1/62be166e9519237ee3da4d64_CoreSite-Washington-DC1-Spec-Sheet.pdf", "label": "Operator specification: generators, dry coolers, CRACs and pumps", "publisher": "CoreSite (2022 specification)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/dc1-washington-d-c", "kind": "other", "label": "CoreSite facility directory", "publisher": "CoreSite", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22" }, { "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/751881301", "kind": "osm", "label": "OpenStreetMap node/751881301", "publisher": "OpenStreetMap", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22" }, { "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd", "kind": "other", "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)", "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23" }, { "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center-locations/washington-dc", "kind": "other", "label": "Colocation Data Centers in Washington D.C. - CoreSite", "publisher": "CoreSite", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-01" } ], "location": { "lat": 38.9028879, "lon": -77.0291491, "city": "Washington", "state": "DC", "county": "District of Columbia", "street": "1275 K Street Northwest", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "20005" }, "operator": "CoreSite", "facilityType": "data_center", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "confidence": "reviewed_sources", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 38.9028879, "lon": -77.0291491, "city": "Washington", "state": "DC", "county": "District of Columbia", "street": "1275 K Street Northwest", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "20005" }, "recordUrl": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/dc1-washington-d-c", "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "1275 K Street Northwest", "city": "Washington", "state": "DC", "postalCode": "20005", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/dc1-washington-d-c" } ], "noiseProfile": { "kind": "urban_colocation", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "exposure": "unverified", "facts": [ "Downtown colocation facility, not a reviewed hyperscale campus.", "The operator specification lists generators, on-site fuel, dry coolers, computer-room air conditioners and glycol pumps. Equipment siting and neighborhood sound are unverified.", "No DC1 noise complaint report was located in this limited public-source review. Municipal complaint files were not exhaustively searched." ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/dc1-washington-d-c", "https://assets-global.website-files.com/5d95bce2cfbd82fc0aa712b1/62be166e9519237ee3da4d64_CoreSite-Washington-DC1-Spec-Sheet.pdf" ], "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 38.9028879, "lon": -77.0291491, "city": "Washington", "state": "DC", "county": "District of Columbia", "street": "1275 K Street Northwest", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "20005" }, "complaintReview": { "outcome": "none_found", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "scope": "Limited public-source review; municipal complaint files were not exhaustively searched." } }, "locationCheck": { "id": "coresite-dc1-washington-d-c-dc", "status": "address_consistent", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 38.9028879, "lon": -77.0291491, "street": "1275 K Street Northwest", "city": "Washington", "state": "DC", "county": "District of Columbia" }, "notes": [ "Physical address and facility identity reviewed with explicit sources. Existing approximate source point retained; this profile review does not independently verify a building polygon or campus edge.", "The retained map point keeps its October 6 consistency category; this address/equipment review does not certify campus geometry." ] }, "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Point remains approximate; see linked source checks." }, { "id": "vantage-ashburn-ii-va2-va", "name": "Vantage Ashburn II (VA2)", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/ashburn-ii-virginia/", "label": "Operator: VA2 address and air-cooled chiller design", "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/ashburn-ii-virginia/", "kind": "other", "label": "Vantage facility directory", "publisher": "Vantage", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-21" }, { "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1344901575", "kind": "osm", "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1344901575", "publisher": "OpenStreetMap", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22" }, { "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd", "kind": "other", "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)", "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23" } ], "location": { "lat": 38.997949, "lon": -77.4302306, "city": "Sterling", "state": "VA", "county": "Loudoun", "street": "22435 Glenn Drive", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "20164", "pointBasis": "Existing source reference retained after campus review; not an equipment or boundary coordinate" }, "operator": "Vantage Data Centers", "facilityType": "data_center", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "confidence": "reviewed_sources", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 38.997949, "lon": -77.4302306, "city": "Sterling", "state": "VA", "county": "Loudoun", "street": "22435 Glenn Drive", "precision": "exact", "postalCode": "20164" }, "recordUrl": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/ashburn-ii-virginia/", "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "22435 Glenn Drive", "city": "Sterling", "state": "VA", "postalCode": "20164", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/ashburn-ii-virginia/" } ], "noiseProfile": { "kind": "industrial_campus", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "exposure": "air_cooled_chillers", "facts": [ "Operator describes a three-building campus and air-cooled chillers.", "Campus-matched noise reporting is available below; equipment design alone does not predict sound at a home." ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/ashburn-ii-virginia/" ], "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 38.997949, "lon": -77.4302306, "city": "Sterling", "state": "VA", "county": "Loudoun", "street": "22435 Glenn Drive", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "20164", "pointBasis": "Existing source reference retained after campus review; not an equipment or boundary coordinate" } }, "locationCheck": { "id": "vantage-ashburn-ii-va2-va", "status": "linked_feature_consistent", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 38.997949, "lon": -77.4302306, "street": "22435 Glenn Drive", "city": "Sterling", "state": "VA", "county": "Loudoun" }, "notes": [ "Physical address and facility identity reviewed with explicit sources. Existing approximate source point retained; this profile review does not independently verify a building polygon or campus edge.", "The retained map point keeps its October 6 consistency category; this address/equipment review does not certify campus geometry.", "Census did not return a unique point for the supplied address." ] }, "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Point remains approximate; see linked source checks." }, { "id": "xai-macrohardrr-southaven-ms", "name": "xAI — Stateline Road data center (MACROHARDRR)", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://opc.deq.state.ms.us/ai_info.aspx?ai=90524", "label": "Regulator: Project Tulane physical address; Stanton is a mailing address", "publisher": "Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://governorreeves.ms.gov/tech-leader-xai-investing-more-than-20-billion-in-southaven/", "kind": "press", "label": "Tech leader xAI investing more than $20 billion in Southaven", "publisher": "Office of Governor Tate Reeves", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13" }, { "url": "https://www.desototimes.com/news/xai-buys-building-and-additional-land-in-southaven-for-data-center/article_99b4eb95-e5b1-4cd0-8f36-9ab0021b9cb5.html", "kind": "press", "label": "xAI buys building and additional land in Southaven for data center", "publisher": "DeSoto Times", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13" }, { "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/xai-macrohardrr", "kind": "other", "label": "xAI: MACROHARDRR Data Center", "publisher": "Baxtel", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13" } ], "location": { "lat": 34.991886, "lon": -90.034358, "city": "Southaven", "state": "MS", "county": "DeSoto", "street": "2400 Stateline Road West", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "38671" }, "operator": "xAI", "facilityType": "data_center", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "confidence": "reviewed_sources", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 34.991886, "lon": -90.034358, "city": "Southaven", "state": "MS", "county": "DeSoto", "street": "2400 Stateline Road West", "precision": "approximate" }, "recordUrl": "https://opc.deq.state.ms.us/ai_info.aspx?ai=90524", "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "2400 Stateline Road West", "city": "Southaven", "state": "MS", "postalCode": "38671", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://opc.deq.state.ms.us/ai_info.aspx?ai=90524" } ], "statusNote": "Operating status is imported and not certified by the construction-stormwater permit. Its physical address is 2400 Stateline Road West. The Stanton Road mailing address belongs to the separate turbine power site.", "noiseProfile": { "kind": "industrial_campus", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "exposure": "unverified", "facts": [ "Data-center building on Stateline Road, distinct from the Stanton Road turbine plant.", "Noise complaints about Stanton Road are attributed to the power site, not automatically to this building." ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://opc.deq.state.ms.us/ai_info.aspx?ai=90524" ], "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 34.991886, "lon": -90.034358, "city": "Southaven", "state": "MS", "county": "DeSoto", "street": "2400 Stateline Road West", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "38671" } }, "locationCheck": { "id": "xai-macrohardrr-southaven-ms", "status": "address_consistent", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 34.991886, "lon": -90.034358, "street": "2400 Stateline Road West", "city": "Southaven", "state": "MS", "county": "DeSoto" }, "notes": [ "Physical address and facility identity reviewed with explicit sources. Existing approximate source point retained; this profile review does not independently verify a building polygon or campus edge.", "The retained map point keeps its October 6 consistency category; this address/equipment review does not certify campus geometry." ] }, "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Point remains approximate; see linked source checks." }, { "id": "coresite-de3-denver-co", "name": "CoreSite DE3", "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Census street-range estimate for operator-published address; not campus boundary", "water": { "notes": "A CoreSite spokesperson told CPR News the facility is expected to consume an average of 115,000 gallons per day and 230,000 gallons per day at peak capacity, using evaporative cooling.", "coolingType": "evaporative", "reportedMgd": 0.115 }, "energy": { "notes": "The Colorado Sun reports CoreSite will draw from the Xcel grid rather than building its own generation; the fully built three-phase development would draw 65 to 75 MW, with phase one about 18 MW. Backup only: 14 diesel generators able to supply roughly 18 MW during outages; under its state air permit no single engine may be tested more than 25 hours a year, between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m.", "source": "grid", "utility": "Xcel Energy" }, "status": "under_construction", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251006047627/en/CoreSite-Achieves-Key-Construction-Milestone-for-New-DE3-Data-Center-in-Denver", "kind": "press", "label": "CoreSite Achieves Key Construction Milestone for New DE3 Data Center in Denver", "publisher": "CoreSite / American Tower", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07" }, { "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd", "kind": "other", "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)", "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23" }, { "url": "https://www.coresite.com/data-center/de3-denver-co", "kind": "other", "label": "CoreSite DE3 — Denver Data Center", "publisher": "CoreSite", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26" }, { "url": "https://denverite.com/2026/07/21/denver-data-center-noise-coresite/", "kind": "press", "label": "Denver data center generators draw noise complaints in Elyria-Swansea (read via Internet Archive)", "publisher": "Denverite / CPR News", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26" }, { "url": "https://www.cpr.org/2026/07/08/qts-aurora-data-center-diesel-generators/", "kind": "press", "label": "Colorado's biggest data center wants to add another 98 diesel backup generators — CoreSite water-use figures (read via Internet Archive)", "publisher": "Colorado Public Radio", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26" }, { "url": "https://coloradosun.com/2026/06/18/colorado-data-center-update-pollution-protests-moratoriums/", "kind": "press", "label": "What's the status of massive data centers in Colorado? (read via Internet Archive)", "publisher": "The Colorado Sun", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-26" } ], "location": { "lat": 39.785256104963, "lon": -104.963415884781, "city": "Denver", "state": "CO", "county": "Denver", "street": "4900 Race Street", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "80216", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for operator-published address; not campus boundary" }, "operator": "CoreSite", "community": { "notes": "Elyria-Swansea residents have opposed the project over water use, air pollution and noise since construction began, holding a neighborhood press conference in February 2026; the backlash helped prompt Denver's one-year moratorium on new data center approvals, passed by city council in May 2026, which blocks CoreSite's two additional planned buildings but not the one already standing. Generator startup testing in July 2026 drew complaints from neighbors at the adjacent Viña Apartments and from Tepeyac Community Health Center; a local science teacher won a community grant to measure infrasound at the site.", "status": "contested", "sourceIndex": 3 }, "capacityMw": { "planned": 60 }, "confidence": "reviewed_sources", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "facilityType": "data_center", "announcedDate": "2025-10", "statusHistory": [ { "date": "2025-10", "note": "CoreSite reached a key construction milestone on DE3, a Denver campus expansion (~600k sq ft, 60 critical MW)", "status": "under_construction", "sourceIndex": 0 } ], "aiClassification": "mixed_use", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 39.7392, "lon": -104.9903, "city": "Denver", "state": "CO", "county": "Denver", "street": "4900 Race Street", "precision": "exact", "postalCode": "80216" }, "recordUrl": "https://www.coresite.com/en-us/data-centers/denver/de3-construction", "statusNote": "July reporting documents generator commissioning during construction. Operator describes backup and periodic testing, not continuous primary generation; full commissioning and current testing schedule need confirmation.", "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "4900 Race Street", "city": "Denver", "state": "CO", "postalCode": "80216", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://www.coresite.com/en-us/data-centers/denver/de3-construction" } ], "noiseProfile": { "kind": "colocation", "exposure": "unverified", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 39.785256104963, "lon": -104.963415884781, "city": "Denver", "state": "CO", "county": "Denver", "street": "4900 Race Street", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "80216", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for operator-published address; not campus boundary" }, "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.coresite.com/en-us/data-centers/denver/de3-construction", "https://denverite.com/2026/07/21/denver-data-center-noise-coresite/" ], "facts": [ "Operator identifies multi-tenant colocation at 4900 Race Street.", "Generator startup tests generated July 2026 complaints; these are backup/commissioning events, not evidence of continuous primary generation." ] }, "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 39.785256104963, "lon": -104.963415884781, "street": "4900 Race Street", "city": "Denver", "state": "CO", "county": "Denver" }, "notes": [ "Operator address cross-checked with Census street-range match. Imported downtown city-centre point was about 5.6 km away. Approximate, not a building-edge survey." ] } }, { "id": "reviewed-aws-tanner-way-manassas-va", "name": "AWS Tanner Way campus / Great Oak", "operator": "Amazon Web Services", "facilityType": "data_center", "status": "operational", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "confidence": "reviewed_sources", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_addition", "location": { "lat": 38.734597025, "lon": -77.50664155000001, "street": "10321 Tanner Way", "city": "Manassas", "state": "VA", "postalCode": "20110", "county": "Prince William", "precision": "approximate", "pointBasis": "Centroid of OSM IAD-100 building outline; reference for four-building Tanner Way campus, not campus edge" }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.pwcva.gov/assets/2025-04/DCOAG%20Great%20Oak%20Status%20Proposed%20Ordinance%20Levels%20PowerPoint%2020250409_0.pdf", "label": "Great Oak resident presentation in county advisory-group docket; Tanner Way campus and residual noise after mitigation", "publisher": "Great Oak residents / Prince William County docket", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/996899488", "label": "OSM IAD-100 building outline and 10321 Tanner Way address", "publisher": "OpenStreetMap", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.datacenters.com/amazon-aws-iad101-manassas", "label": "Directory identifies IAD101 at 10301 Tanner Way", "publisher": "DataCenters.com", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" } ], "recordUrl": "https://www.pwcva.gov/assets/2025-04/DCOAG%20Great%20Oak%20Status%20Proposed%20Ordinance%20Levels%20PowerPoint%2020250409_0.pdf", "statusNote": "Four-building campus identified in county-hosted April 2025 resident presentation. Fan/louver mitigation is reported; residual complaints remain in the presentation. Current sound is unmeasured here.", "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "10321 Tanner Way", "city": "Manassas", "state": "VA", "postalCode": "20110", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/996899488" }, { "kind": "physical", "street": "10301 Tanner Way", "city": "Manassas", "state": "VA", "postalCode": "20110", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://www.datacenters.com/amazon-aws-iad101-manassas" } ], "upstreamMatch": { "state": "VA", "city": "Manassas", "withinKm": 0.6, "operatorTerms": [ "tanner way", "iad-100", "iad100" ] }, "noiseProfile": { "kind": "hyperscale", "exposure": "unverified", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 38.734597025, "lon": -77.50664155000001, "street": "10321 Tanner Way", "city": "Manassas", "state": "VA", "postalCode": "20110", "county": "Prince William", "precision": "approximate", "pointBasis": "Centroid of OSM IAD-100 building outline; reference for four-building Tanner Way campus, not campus edge" }, "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.pwcva.gov/assets/2025-04/DCOAG%20Great%20Oak%20Status%20Proposed%20Ordinance%20Levels%20PowerPoint%2020250409_0.pdf", "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/996899488" ], "facts": [ "County-hosted resident evidence concerns the specific four-building AWS Tanner Way campus, not all AWS sites in Manassas.", "Fan retrofits and louver changes reduced sound; the April 2025 resident presentation documents residual tonal complaints." ] }, "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 38.734597025, "lon": -77.50664155000001, "street": "10321 Tanner Way", "city": "Manassas", "state": "VA", "county": "Prince William" }, "notes": [ "County-hosted presentation identifies the campus; OSM building reference and directories provide approximate physical address/point. Census currently returns no address match." ] } }, { "id": "google-new-albany-oh", "name": "Google New Albany Data Center", "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Existing county-parcel reference point retained; campus extends across county line and no boundary distance is calculated", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://datacenters.newalbanyohio.org/", "publisher": "City of New Albany", "label": "Campus-specific noise/address/location evidence", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://newalbanyohio.org/community-development/project-updates/", "publisher": "City of New Albany", "label": "Campus-specific noise/address/location evidence", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PARCELID%3D'222-004984'&outFields=*&f=json&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326", "publisher": "Franklin County GIS", "label": "Campus-specific noise/address/location evidence", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/ohio/", "kind": "other", "label": "Google Data Centers — Ohio", "publisher": "Google", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10" }, { "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-plans-1bn-new-albany-data-center-expansion-acquires-618-acres-for-more-data-centers/", "kind": "press", "label": "Google plans $1bn New Albany data center expansion, acquires 618 acres for more data centers", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10" }, { "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/google-new-albany-ohio", "kind": "other", "label": "Google: New Albany, Ohio Data Center", "publisher": "Baxtel", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10" }, { "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-acquires-85-acres-in-new-albany-ohio/", "kind": "press", "label": "Google acquires 85 acres in New Albany, Ohio", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10" }, { "url": "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PARCELID%3D'222-004984'&outFields=*&f=json&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326", "kind": "other", "label": "Franklin County parcel/GIS record (parcel 222-004984, 5266 Babbitt Rd — MONTAUK INNOVATIONS LLC, data-center use class, 222 ac; the operational parcel of the Google/Montauk New Albany campus, which straddles the county line into Licking County at 1101 Beech Rd SW)", "publisher": "Franklin County Auditor GIS / Assessor", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18" } ], "location": { "lat": 40.05832, "lon": -82.77106, "city": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "county": "Franklin", "precision": "approximate", "street": "1101 Beech Road Southwest", "postalCode": "43054", "pointBasis": "Existing county-parcel reference point retained; campus extends across county line and no boundary distance is calculated" }, "operator": "Google", "landAcres": 447, "confidence": "reviewed_sources", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "facilityType": "data_center", "investmentUsd": 600000000, "statusHistory": [ { "date": "2021", "note": "Facility operational since 2021, per Baxtel; groundbreaking occurred November 2019 under Google's Ohio subsidiary Montauk Innovations LLC.", "status": "operational", "sourceIndex": 5 } ], "statusNote": "City reports cooling-fan mitigation in progress and a December 2026 permanent remedy target. Completion is not independently confirmed.", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 40.05832, "lon": -82.77106, "city": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "county": "Franklin", "precision": "exact" }, "recordUrl": "https://datacenters.newalbanyohio.org/", "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "1101 Beech Road Southwest", "city": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "postalCode": "43054", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://newalbanyohio.org/community-development/project-updates/" }, { "kind": "physical", "street": "5266 Babbitt Road", "city": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "postalCode": "43054", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PARCELID%3D'222-004984'&outFields=*&f=json&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326" } ], "noiseProfile": { "kind": "industrial_campus", "exposure": "unverified", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 40.05832, "lon": -82.77106, "city": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "county": "Franklin", "precision": "approximate", "street": "1101 Beech Road Southwest", "postalCode": "43054", "pointBasis": "Existing county-parcel reference point retained; campus extends across county line and no boundary distance is calculated" }, "sourceUrls": [ "https://datacenters.newalbanyohio.org/", "https://newalbanyohio.org/community-development/project-updates/", "https://gis.franklincountyohio.gov/hosting/rest/services/ParcelFeatures/Parcel_Features/FeatureServer/0/query?where=PARCELID%3D'222-004984'&outFields=*&f=json&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326" ], "facts": [ "Municipal records identify the Montauk/Google campus at 1101 Beech Road, with the linked county parcel on Babbitt Road.", "City reports cooling-fan complaints since September 2025 and continuing mitigation with a December 2026 target." ] }, "locationCheck": { "status": "address_consistent", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 40.05832, "lon": -82.77106, "street": "1101 Beech Road Southwest", "city": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "county": "Franklin" }, "notes": [ "Campus-specific city noise and project records cross-checked against approximate mapped reference. Not a sound measurement, building-edge or surveyed equipment location.", "Existing county-parcel point retained, with municipal physical street address added." ] } }, { "id": "meta-prometheus-new-albany-oh", "name": "Meta New Albany — south Beech/Morse campus", "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Mean of vertices of OSM south Beech/Morse campus outline, not a nearest building or equipment point", "status": "under_construction", "sources": [ { "url": "https://datacenters.newalbanyohio.org/", "publisher": "City of New Albany", "label": "Campus-specific noise/address/location evidence", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://newalbanyohio.org/community-development/project-updates/", "publisher": "City of New Albany", "label": "Campus-specific noise/address/location evidence", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/708899010", "publisher": "OpenStreetMap", "label": "Campus-specific noise/address/location evidence", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/oh/columbus/news/2025/11/13/meta-gigawatt-data-center-new-albany-", "kind": "press", "label": "World's first gigawatt-scale data center coming to Ohio", "publisher": "Spectrum News 1", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://www.nbc4i.com/news/local-news/new-albany/meta-will-use-nuclear-power-for-its-new-albany-a-i-data-center/", "kind": "press", "label": "Meta will use nuclear power for its New Albany A.I. data center", "publisher": "NBC4 WCMH-TV", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/meta-prometheus-campus", "kind": "other", "label": "Meta: Prometheus Campus Data Center", "publisher": "Baxtel", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://signalohio.org/ohio-committed-at-least-2-3-billion-dollars-in-sales-tax-breaks-for-data-centers/", "kind": "press", "label": "Ohio has committed at least $2.3 billion in tax breaks for data centers", "publisher": "Signal Ohio", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://www.sciotopost.com/ohio-regulators-approve-250-megawatt-power-plant-to-fuel-new-albany-meta-data-center/", "kind": "press", "label": "Ohio regulators approve 250-megawatt power plant to fuel New Albany Meta data center", "publisher": "Scioto Post", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08" } ], "location": { "lat": 40.065646388235294, "lon": -82.74925592647058, "city": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "county": "Licking", "precision": "approximate", "street": "1500 Beech Road", "postalCode": "43054", "pointBasis": "Mean of vertices of OSM south Beech/Morse campus outline, not a nearest building or equipment point" }, "operator": "Meta", "community": { "notes": "New Albany City Council granted 15-year property tax abatement; nearby business owners voiced concern over frequent power outages. Broader New Albany data center tax-break policy contested by state legislators.", "status": "mixed", "sourceIndex": 3 }, "subsidies": [ { "year": "2017", "program": "Ohio Computer Data Center sales-and-use tax exemption (via Meta operating entity Sidecat LLC); reported ~$600M over roughly 40 years", "sourceIndex": 6, "jurisdiction": "Ohio" } ], "capacityMw": { "planned": 1000 }, "confidence": "reviewed_sources", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "facilityType": "data_center", "announcedDate": "2025-11", "investmentUsd": 1500000000, "statusHistory": [ { "date": "2025-11", "note": "Meta publicly confirms Prometheus at New Albany; described as world's first planned 1 GW data center; expected operational 2026. Baxtel (July 2026) reports some phases already operational with future phases planned — overall 1 GW build-out still under construction.", "status": "under_construction", "sourceIndex": 3 } ], "aiClassification": "confirmed", "statusNote": "Reviewed point and municipal noise updates refer to the south Beech/Morse campus, not northern CloverValley/GreenChapel campuses. Cooling fans operate during ongoing construction; commissioning and mitigation completion remain unconfirmed.", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 40.092, "lon": -82.836, "city": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "county": "Licking", "precision": "exact" }, "recordUrl": "https://datacenters.newalbanyohio.org/", "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "1500 Beech Road", "city": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "postalCode": "43054", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://newalbanyohio.org/community-development/project-updates/" } ], "noiseProfile": { "kind": "industrial_campus", "exposure": "unverified", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 40.065646388235294, "lon": -82.74925592647058, "city": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "county": "Licking", "precision": "approximate", "street": "1500 Beech Road", "postalCode": "43054", "pointBasis": "Mean of vertices of OSM south Beech/Morse campus outline, not a nearest building or equipment point" }, "sourceUrls": [ "https://datacenters.newalbanyohio.org/", "https://newalbanyohio.org/community-development/project-updates/", "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/708899010" ], "facts": [ "City identifies the noisy Meta campus south of SR-161, along Beech/Morse Roads; municipal project records give 1500 Beech Road.", "City reports July 2026 periodic noise after a temporary sound wall was removed; fan operation changes, barriers and silencers are being pursued." ] }, "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 40.065646388235294, "lon": -82.74925592647058, "street": "1500 Beech Road", "city": "New Albany", "state": "OH", "county": "Licking" }, "notes": [ "Campus-specific city noise and project records cross-checked against approximate mapped reference. Not a sound measurement, building-edge or surveyed equipment location.", "Original imported point was roughly 8 km west/north of the mapped south campus; replaced with the OSM campus outline reference." ] }, "sourceScopeReview": { "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "excludedCharacteristicFields": [ "energy" ], "reason": "Imported power metadata describes Harrison/CloverValley generation near other Meta campuses, not independently associated with this reviewed southBeech/Morse campus. Its power role and schedule remain unknown.", "sourceUrls": [ "https://newalbanyohio.org/community-development/project-updates/", "https://datacenters.newalbanyohio.org/" ] } }, { "id": "microsoft-mount-pleasant-wi", "name": "Microsoft Fairwater 1 — Mount Pleasant 90th Street campus", "operator": "Microsoft", "status": "operational", "facilityType": "data_center", "confidence": "reviewed_sources", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "location": { "lat": 42.676497719150774, "lon": -87.90018180609952, "city": "Mount Pleasant", "state": "WI", "county": "Racine", "street": "4800 90th Street", "postalCode": "53403", "precision": "approximate", "pointBasis": "Computed centroid of Wisconsin statewide parcel 151032233004010, not a building, equipment, entrance or nearest campus boundary point" }, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 42.7209, "lon": -87.9023, "city": "Mount Pleasant", "state": "WI", "county": "Racine", "precision": "exact" }, "statusNote": "Microsoft announced this first facility fully operational June 23, 2026. Separate adjacent campus expansion remains under construction. Site-specific noise complaints and mitigation updates coexist; current resolution is not independently confirmed.", "recordUrl": "https://apps.dnr.wi.gov/warp_ext/am_permittracking2.aspx?id=35961", "sources": [ { "url": "https://apps.dnr.wi.gov/warp_ext/am_permittracking2.aspx?id=35961", "publisher": "Wisconsin DNR", "label": "Facility FID 252302490; exact physical address", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://services3.arcgis.com/n6uYoouQZW75n5WI/arcgis/rest/services/Wisconsin_Statewide_Parcels_DB/FeatureServer/0/query?f=json&outFields=PARCELID%2COWNERNME1%2CSITEADRESS%2CPLACENAME%2CGISACRES%2CCONAME&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326&where=PARCELID%3D%27151032233004010%27", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Administration statewide parcel map", "label": "Parcel 151032233004010: Microsoft owner, 4800 90th St, polygon geometry", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.wied.117424/gov.uscourts.wied.117424.1.0.pdf", "publisher": "U.S. District Court for Eastern District of Wisconsin via CourtListener RECAP", "label": "Filed July 1, 2026: site-specific noise complaint, case 2:26-cv-01169", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/blog/testing-underway-to-understand-noise-at-our-mount-pleasant-datacenter/", "publisher": "Microsoft Local", "label": "April 15 cooling fan noise acknowledgment; June and July 2026 mitigation updates", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/2026/06/23/microsoft-completes-construction-on-first-datacenter-facility-in-mount-pleasant-wisconsin/", "publisher": "Microsoft", "label": "June 23, 2026 first facility operational announcement", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" } ], "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "4800 90th Street", "city": "Mount Pleasant", "state": "WI", "postalCode": "53403", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://apps.dnr.wi.gov/warp_ext/am_permittracking2.aspx?id=35961" } ], "noiseProfile": { "kind": "hyperscale", "exposure": "unverified", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 42.676497719150774, "lon": -87.90018180609952, "city": "Mount Pleasant", "state": "WI", "county": "Racine", "street": "4800 90th Street", "postalCode": "53403", "precision": "approximate", "pointBasis": "Computed centroid of Wisconsin statewide parcel 151032233004010, not a building, equipment, entrance or nearest campus boundary point" }, "sourceUrls": [ "https://local.microsoft.com/blog/testing-underway-to-understand-noise-at-our-mount-pleasant-datacenter/", "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.wied.117424/gov.uscourts.wied.117424.1.0.pdf" ], "facts": [ "Microsoft acknowledged off-site tonal humming from high-speed cooling fans during startup in April 2026.", "July 1 federal complaint specifically identifies 4800 90th St and alleges continuing off-site noise; allegations are not an adjudicated finding.", "Microsoft reported June mitigation success for several neighbors; July 20 update described continuing mitigation and planned sound-reduction components. Current neighborhood resolution remains disputed/unconfirmed." ] }, "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 42.676497719150774, "lon": -87.90018180609952, "street": "4800 90th Street", "city": "Mount Pleasant", "state": "WI", "county": "Racine" }, "notes": [ "Imported point was 4.94 km north of the primary Microsoft parcel centroid and outside the physical campus parcel.", "Physical address independently cross-matched between Wisconsin DNR facility, statewide parcel and federal complaint.", "Corrected point represents approximate parcel centroid; no distance to loud equipment or boundary is claimed." ] }, "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Computed centroid of Wisconsin statewide parcel 151032233004010, not a building, equipment, entrance or nearest campus boundary point" }, { "id": "newrays-one-bono-ar", "name": "NewRays One — Bono / Damascus crypto mine", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.mitchellwilliamslaw.com/webfiles/25-002.pdf", "publisher": "Arkansas DEQ, copy hosted by Mitchell Williams", "label": "Consent order finding 1 identifies physical mine, AFIN 23-01373. Stormwater action, not a noise fine.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/arkansas/aredce/4:2023cv00685/139413/99/", "publisher": "U.S. District Court E.D. Arkansas, via Justia", "label": "Order documents residents' noise-injury allegations and sheriff testing in May 2024. Discovery ruling does not establish nuisance liability or present sound.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.ualrpublicradio.org/local-regional-news/2024-01-03/sound-complaint-lawsuit-against-arkansas-crypto-mine-company-continues", "publisher": "KUAR / Little Rock Public Radio", "label": "Reported neighborhood nuisance suit about persistent fan noise; describes Bono mine opposite a church near Slatey Gap Road.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://katv.com/news/local/newrays-one-crypto-mine-in-bono-facing-federal-lawsuit-amid-investigation-by-attorney-general-metahash-global-greenland-usa-yizheng-ethan-wang-arkansas-cryptomining-bitcoin-green-digital-jones-digital-moreland-holding-faulkner-county-chinese-ownership", "kind": "press", "label": "'Newrays One' crypto-mine in Bono facing federal lawsuit amid investigation by AG", "publisher": "KATV", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" }, { "url": "https://www.ualrpublicradio.org/local-regional-news/2023-06-29/rural-arkansas-crypto-mines-prompt-noise-complaints-from-residents", "kind": "press", "label": "Rural Arkansas 'crypto mines' prompt noise complaints from residents", "publisher": "UALR Public Radio (KUAR)", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" }, { "url": "https://arkansas.hometownlocator.com/ar/faulkner/bono.cfm", "kind": "other", "label": "Bono Populated Place Profile / Faulkner County, Arkansas Data", "publisher": "HomeTownLocator", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" } ], "location": { "lat": 35.258251378996, "lon": -92.476316211404, "city": "Damascus", "state": "AR", "county": "Faulkner", "precision": "approximate", "street": "431 Highway 285 North", "postalCode": "72039", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for source-identified physical facility address; not equipment or campus boundary" }, "operator": "NewRays One LLC", "confidence": "confirmed", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "facilityType": "crypto_mining", "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Census street-range estimate for source-identified physical facility address; not equipment or campus boundary", "energy": { "source": "grid" }, "community": { "status": "litigation" }, "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "431 Highway 285 North", "city": "Damascus", "state": "AR", "postalCode": "72039", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://www.mitchellwilliamslaw.com/webfiles/25-002.pdf" }, { "kind": "physical", "street": "431 STATE HWY 285 N", "city": "Damascus", "state": "AR", "postalCode": "72039", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/onelineaddress?address=431%20Highway%20285%20North%2C%20Damascus%2C%20AR%2072039&benchmark=Public_AR_Current&format=json", "note": "Specific reviewed state-highway postal form of the DEQ-identified physical road address." } ], "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 35.256, "lon": -92.476, "city": "Bono", "state": "AR", "county": "Faulkner", "precision": "approximate" }, "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 35.258251378996, "lon": -92.476316211404, "street": "431 Highway 285 North", "city": "Damascus", "state": "AR", "county": "Faulkner" }, "notes": [ "Consent order finding 1 identifies physical mine, AFIN 23-01373. Stormwater action, not a noise fine.", "Source review is campus-specific; it does not certify equipment location or noise at a home." ] }, "noiseProfile": { "kind": "crypto_mine", "exposure": "unverified", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 35.258251378996, "lon": -92.476316211404, "city": "Damascus", "state": "AR", "county": "Faulkner", "precision": "approximate", "street": "431 Highway 285 North", "postalCode": "72039", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for source-identified physical facility address; not equipment or campus boundary" }, "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.mitchellwilliamslaw.com/webfiles/25-002.pdf", "https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/arkansas/aredce/4:2023cv00685/139413/99/", "https://www.ualrpublicradio.org/local-regional-news/2024-01-03/sound-complaint-lawsuit-against-arkansas-crypto-mine-company-continues" ], "facts": [ "Order documents residents' noise-injury allegations and sheriff testing in May 2024. Discovery ruling does not establish nuisance liability or present sound.", "Reported neighborhood nuisance suit about persistent fan noise; describes Bono mine opposite a church near Slatey Gap Road." ] } }, { "id": "american-bitcoin-niagara-falls-ny", "name": "American Bitcoin — Niagara Falls (\"Alpha Site\")", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/ASaO6mkKxE2fYJAi/arcgis/rest/services/Map_TEMP/FeatureServer/6/query?f=json&where=PrintKey%3D%27159.15-1-19%27&outFields=%2A&outSR=4326&returnGeometry=true", "publisher": "Niagara County GIS, 2026 Final Roll", "label": "2026 assessor parcel159.15-1-19:2450BuffaloAve; originalpoint inside physical parcel", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://niagaraexpress.town.news/g/niagara-falls-ny/n/296967/bitcoin-din-pummels-buffalo-avenue", "publisher": "Niagara Express", "label": "Reporter described intrusive neighborhood sound at Buffalo Avenue US Bitcoin facility after settlement. Not the separate Frontier Avenue mine.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1964789/000110465923101668/tm235928-27_s4a.htm", "publisher": "US Bitcoin SEC filing", "label": "Filing records settlement permitting reopening subject to continuing sound restrictions. This is settlement event date; filing publication date needs metadata verification.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.hut8.com/our-platform", "kind": "other", "label": "Hut 8 — Our Platform", "publisher": "Hut 8", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10" }, { "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/business/2023/02/07/bitcoin-miners-hut-8-us-bitcoin-corp-announce-merger", "kind": "press", "label": "Bitcoin Miners Hut 8, US Bitcoin Corp Announce Merger", "publisher": "CoinDesk", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10" }, { "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2023/04/05/us-bitcoin-corp-expected-to-settle-with-city-to-resume-mining-in-niagara-falls", "kind": "press", "label": "US Bitcoin Corp Expected to Settle With City to Resume Mining in Niagara Falls", "publisher": "CoinDesk", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10" }, { "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/us-bitcoin-corp-reaches-tentative-settlement-with-city-of-niagara-falls", "kind": "press", "label": "US Bitcoin Corp Reaches Tentative Settlement With City Of Niagara Falls To Restart Operations", "publisher": "Bitcoin Magazine", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09" } ], "location": { "lat": 43.082124888357896, "lon": -79.03094758819105, "city": "Niagara Falls", "state": "NY", "county": "Niagara", "precision": "approximate", "street": "2450 Buffalo Avenue", "postalCode": "14303", "pointBasis": "Original inventory reference point verified within official county parcel159.15-1-19; not equipment or closest campus boundary" }, "operator": "American Bitcoin (Hut 8)", "confidence": "reported", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "facilityType": "crypto_mining", "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Original inventory reference point verified within official county parcel159.15-1-19; not equipment or closest campus boundary", "capacityMw": { "operational": 50 }, "community": { "notes": "The site (operated as US Bitcoin Corp before the Hut 8 merger) was shut down by a state Supreme Court justice who found the operators in contempt of a prior court order over noise. A tentative settlement with the City of Niagara Falls in April 2023 let it restart, subject to a 65 dB noise limit, permit applications under the city's new 'high energy usage overlay district', a $50,000 non-refundable upfront fee and a $100,000 compliance fee.", "status": "litigation", "sourceIndex": 6 }, "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 43.082124888357896, "lon": -79.03094758819105, "city": "Niagara Falls", "state": "NY", "county": "Niagara", "precision": "approximate" }, "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [ "address_alias_review_needed" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 43.082124888357896, "lon": -79.03094758819105, "street": "2450 Buffalo Avenue", "city": "Niagara Falls", "state": "NY", "county": "Niagara" }, "notes": [ "Official2026countyparcel contains originalpoint; preserve it. Assessorphysical situs2450BuffaloAve; SECleasebodyuses2474 and deedreport2750. Landlordname2747BuffaloAvenueLLC is not a verifiedphysicaladdress alias.", "Additional street-number aliases need review; point remains an approximate campus reference." ] }, "statusNote": "Source noise reporting refers to this Buffalo Avenue campus, distinct from Frontier Avenue. Assessor address is2450BuffaloAvenue; other legal street references need alias review. Current noise resolution unconfirmed.", "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "2450 Buffalo Avenue", "city": "Niagara Falls", "state": "NY", "postalCode": "14303", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://services2.arcgis.com/ASaO6mkKxE2fYJAi/arcgis/rest/services/Map_TEMP/FeatureServer/6/query?f=json&where=PrintKey%3D%27159.15-1-19%27&outFields=%2A&outSR=4326&returnGeometry=true" } ], "noiseProfile": { "kind": "crypto_mine", "exposure": "unverified", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 43.082124888357896, "lon": -79.03094758819105, "city": "Niagara Falls", "state": "NY", "county": "Niagara", "precision": "approximate", "street": "2450 Buffalo Avenue", "postalCode": "14303", "pointBasis": "Original inventory reference point verified within official county parcel159.15-1-19; not equipment or closest campus boundary" }, "sourceUrls": [ "https://services2.arcgis.com/ASaO6mkKxE2fYJAi/arcgis/rest/services/Map_TEMP/FeatureServer/6/query?f=json&where=PrintKey%3D%27159.15-1-19%27&outFields=%2A&outSR=4326&returnGeometry=true", "https://niagaraexpress.town.news/g/niagara-falls-ny/n/296967/bitcoin-din-pummels-buffalo-avenue" ], "facts": [ "March2025 reporter described neighborhood noise at theBuffaloAvenueUSBitcoin campus after a2023settlement. Currentresolution is unconfirmed.", "Official county parcel corroborates original campus reference; conflicting legalstreet numbers are not silently merged." ] } }, { "id": "digital-realty-ord11-il", "name": "Digital Realty ORD11", "operator": "Digital Realty", "status": "operational", "facilityType": "data_center", "confidence": "reported", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "location": { "lat": 41.8743036, "lon": -87.6299404, "city": "Chicago", "state": "IL", "county": "Cook", "street": "600 South Federal Street", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "60605", "pointBasis": "Existing approximate campus point retained; listed address agrees with Census within 25 metres" }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/chicago/ord11", "publisher": "Digital Realty", "label": "Operator physical facility address", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://abc7chicago.com/post/printers-row-humming-noise-digital-realty-chicago-sound-ordinance/10901352/", "publisher": "ABC7 Chicago", "label": "Residents described fan hum; reporter cites city generator-noise fine and fan ticket. Operator described a sound wall; residents still objected. Historical, present conditions unverified.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/149379943", "kind": "osm", "label": "OpenStreetMap way/149379943", "publisher": "OpenStreetMap", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22" }, { "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd", "kind": "other", "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)", "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23" } ], "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Existing approximate campus point retained; listed address agrees with Census within 25 metres", "energy": { "utility": "ComEd" }, "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "600 South Federal Street", "city": "Chicago", "state": "IL", "postalCode": "60605", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/chicago/ord11" } ], "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 41.8743036, "lon": -87.6299404, "city": "Chicago", "state": "IL", "county": "Cook", "street": "600 South Federal Street", "precision": "exact", "postalCode": "60605" }, "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 41.8743036, "lon": -87.6299404, "street": "600 South Federal Street", "city": "Chicago", "state": "IL", "county": "Cook" }, "notes": [ "Keep existing point; Census agrees within 25 meters. Add historical noise record. Urban colocation does not establish low noise.", "Source review is campus-specific; it does not certify equipment location or noise at a home." ] }, "noiseProfile": { "kind": "colocation", "exposure": "unverified", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 41.8743036, "lon": -87.6299404, "city": "Chicago", "state": "IL", "county": "Cook", "street": "600 South Federal Street", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "60605", "pointBasis": "Existing approximate campus point retained; listed address agrees with Census within 25 metres" }, "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.digitalrealty.com/data-centers/americas/chicago/ord11", "https://abc7chicago.com/post/printers-row-humming-noise-digital-realty-chicago-sound-ordinance/10901352/" ], "facts": [ "Residents described fan hum; reporter cites city generator-noise fine and fan ticket. Operator described a sound wall; residents still objected. Historical, present conditions unverified." ] } }, { "id": "evolution-technology-bourbon-county-ks", "name": "Evolution Technology — Mapleton / Willow Road crypto mine", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://fortscott.biz/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-05-18-ranes-v-evotech-first-amended-petition.pdf", "publisher": "Bourbon County District Court filing, copy hosted by Fort Scott Biz", "label": "May 18 2026 filing identifies mine and landowner address, case BB-2026-CV-000013; allegations not court findings.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://fortscott.biz/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-05-18-ranes-v-evotech-first-amended-petition.pdf", "publisher": "Bourbon County District Court filing, hosted by Fort Scott Biz", "label": "Amended nuisance petition alleges generator noise and records a temporary shutdown between February and May 2026. Restart/current status not confirmed. Do not treat as established continuing noise.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.fourstateshomepage.com/news/local/its-miserable-bitcoin-mining-facility-in-rural-kansas-too-loud-neighbors-say/", "kind": "press", "label": "'It's miserable,' Bitcoin mining facility in rural Kansas too loud, neighbors say", "publisher": "FourStatesHomepage (KSNF/KODE)", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" }, { "url": "https://fortscott.biz/news/bourbon-county-commission-discusses-bitcoin-mining-noise-issue-cemetery-records", "kind": "press", "label": "Bourbon County Commission Discusses Bitcoin Mining Noise Issue, Cemetery Records", "publisher": "Fort Scott Biz", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" }, { "url": "https://www.fourstateshomepage.com/news/local/evolution-tech-aims-to-resolve-noise-issues-at-bitcoin-mine/", "kind": "press", "label": "Evolution Tech aims to resolve noise issues at Bitcoin mine", "publisher": "FourStatesHomepage (KSNF/KODE)", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" } ], "location": { "lat": 38.00103790004, "lon": -94.981639044679, "city": "Mapleton", "state": "KS", "county": "Bourbon", "precision": "approximate", "street": "668 Willow Road", "postalCode": "66754", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for source-identified physical facility address; not equipment or campus boundary" }, "operator": "Evolution Technology", "confidence": "confirmed", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "facilityType": "crypto_mining", "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Census street-range estimate for source-identified physical facility address; not equipment or campus boundary", "energy": { "source": "on_site_gas" }, "community": { "status": "opposed" }, "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "668 Willow Road", "city": "Mapleton", "state": "KS", "postalCode": "66754", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://fortscott.biz/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-05-18-ranes-v-evotech-first-amended-petition.pdf" } ], "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 37.8473, "lon": -94.9753, "city": "Uniontown", "state": "KS", "county": "Bourbon", "precision": "approximate" }, "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 38.00103790004, "lon": -94.981639044679, "street": "668 Willow Road", "city": "Mapleton", "state": "KS", "county": "Bourbon" }, "notes": [ "Correct wrong Uniontown town pin; current operating status must be qualified because filing records temporary cessation.", "Source review is campus-specific; it does not certify equipment location or noise at a home." ] }, "statusNote": "May 18, 2026 plaintiff petition records temporary cessation of generators after February. Restart and current noise are unconfirmed; imported operating status is not proof that generators resumed.", "noiseProfile": { "kind": "crypto_mine", "exposure": "unverified", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 38.00103790004, "lon": -94.981639044679, "city": "Mapleton", "state": "KS", "county": "Bourbon", "precision": "approximate", "street": "668 Willow Road", "postalCode": "66754", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for source-identified physical facility address; not equipment or campus boundary" }, "sourceUrls": [ "https://fortscott.biz/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-05-18-ranes-v-evotech-first-amended-petition.pdf", "https://fortscott.biz/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/2026-05-18-ranes-v-evotech-first-amended-petition.pdf" ], "facts": [ "Amended nuisance petition alleges generator noise and records a temporary shutdown between February and May 2026. Restart/current status not confirmed. Do not treat as established continuing noise." ] } }, { "id": "atlas-power-williston-nd", "name": "Atlas Power Data Center (Williston)", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1162896/000149315223006719/ex10-1.htm", "publisher": "Creek Road Miners SEC filing, Atlas hosting contract", "label": "Exhibit A section 1 expressly identifies hosting facility at 5046 143rd Avenue, not only principal office.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://williamsnd.civicweb.net/document/36825/", "publisher": "Williams County Board of Commissioners", "label": "County minutes document resident complaints and staff confirmation of constant buzzing near facility, plus disputed contractor readings and mitigation commitments. Historical report, current conditions unverified; numbers are not predictions for a home.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/atlas-power-williston-north-dakota", "kind": "other", "label": "Atlas Power: Williston, North Dakota Data Center", "publisher": "Baxtel", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" }, { "url": "https://www.inforum.com/news/north-dakota/northwest-north-dakota-commission-directs-co-op-to-cut-power-to-crypto-data-center", "kind": "press", "label": "Northwest North Dakota commission directs co-op to cut power to crypto data center", "publisher": "InForum (Forum Communications)", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" }, { "url": "https://www.yesenergy.com/blog/crypto-mining-power-consumption-atlas-power", "kind": "other", "label": "Crypto Mining Power Consumption: Atlas Power Sparks Grid Congestion", "publisher": "Yes Energy", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" } ], "location": { "lat": 48.152540999965, "lon": -103.77671441907, "city": "Williston", "state": "ND", "county": "Williams", "precision": "approximate", "street": "5046 143rd Avenue Northwest", "postalCode": "58801", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for source-identified physical facility address; not equipment or campus boundary" }, "operator": "Atlas Power", "confidence": "confirmed", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "facilityType": "crypto_mining", "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Census street-range estimate for source-identified physical facility address; not equipment or campus boundary", "energy": { "source": "grid" }, "capacityMw": { "planned": 700, "operational": 240 }, "community": { "status": "litigation" }, "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "5046 143rd Avenue Northwest", "city": "Williston", "state": "ND", "postalCode": "58801", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1162896/000149315223006719/ex10-1.htm" } ], "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 48.147, "lon": -103.618, "city": "Williston", "state": "ND", "county": "Williams", "precision": "approximate" }, "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 48.152540999965, "lon": -103.77671441907, "street": "5046 143rd Avenue Northwest", "city": "Williston", "state": "ND", "county": "Williams" }, "notes": [ "Exhibit A section 1 expressly identifies hosting facility at 5046 143rd Avenue, not only principal office.", "Source review is campus-specific; it does not certify equipment location or noise at a home." ] }, "noiseProfile": { "kind": "crypto_mine", "exposure": "unverified", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 48.152540999965, "lon": -103.77671441907, "city": "Williston", "state": "ND", "county": "Williams", "precision": "approximate", "street": "5046 143rd Avenue Northwest", "postalCode": "58801", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for source-identified physical facility address; not equipment or campus boundary" }, "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1162896/000149315223006719/ex10-1.htm", "https://williamsnd.civicweb.net/document/36825/" ], "facts": [ "County minutes document resident complaints and staff confirmation of constant buzzing near facility, plus disputed contractor readings and mitigation commitments. Historical report, current conditions unverified; numbers are not predictions for a home." ] } }, { "id": "cleanspark-west-crossville-tn", "name": "CleanSpark West Crossville Bitcoin Mining Facility", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017024105354/clsk-ex10_4.htm", "publisher": "CleanSpark SEC filing", "label": "Lists 268 Sparta Hwy as acquired mine property; separate Plateau Rd parcel is Campbell Junction. Census matches ZIP 38555, while contract gives 38572; preserve discrepancy.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.wvlt.tv/2026/07/08/crossville-bitcoin-mining-center-draws-noise-complaints-city-eyes-moratorium-future-data-centers/", "publisher": "WVLT", "label": "Neighboring fabrication business reported ongoing fan noise and heat. Mayor described sound as within city code. Report does not name operator; association inferred from SEC site plus neighboring shop at 240 Sparta Highway, so require independent campus match confirmation.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/cleanspark-to-add-5-ehs-and-increase-2024-guidance-with-acquisition-of-seven-additional-bitcoin-mining-facilities-in-tennessee-302244673.html", "kind": "press", "label": "CleanSpark to Add 5 EH/s ... Acquisition of Seven Additional Bitcoin Mining Facilities in Tennessee", "publisher": "PR Newswire (CleanSpark, Inc.)", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000119312525297510/clsk-20250930.htm", "kind": "filing", "label": "CleanSpark, Inc. FY2025 Form 10-K (Tennessee acquisitions / Exponential Digital MIPAs)", "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. / SEC EDGAR", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" }, { "url": "https://www.stocktitan.net/news/CLSK/clean-spark-releases-december-2025-bitcoin-mining-431w4gpru2xw.html", "kind": "press", "label": "CleanSpark Releases December 2025 Bitcoin Mining Update", "publisher": "CleanSpark, Inc. (via StockTitan)", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09" } ], "location": { "lat": 35.950329936313, "lon": -85.094958392241, "city": "Crossville", "state": "TN", "county": "Cumberland", "precision": "approximate", "street": "268 Sparta Highway", "postalCode": "38555", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for source-identified physical facility address; not equipment or campus boundary" }, "operator": "CleanSpark, Inc.", "confidence": "confirmed", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "facilityType": "crypto_mining", "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Census street-range estimate for source-identified physical facility address; not equipment or campus boundary", "energy": { "notes": "Grid-supplied. CleanSpark's own operations update states it curtails all 11 of its Tennessee sites on direct request from the Tennessee Valley Authority under a demand-response arrangement; this site is one of that Tennessee fleet. TVA is named because it issues the curtailment instruction - retail delivery is still through the local TVA distributor.", "source": "grid", "utility": "Tennessee Valley Authority" }, "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "268 Sparta Highway", "city": "Crossville", "state": "TN", "postalCode": "38572", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017024105354/clsk-ex10_4.htm" }, { "kind": "physical", "street": "268 Sparta Highway", "city": "Crossville", "state": "TN", "postalCode": "38555", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/onelineaddress?address=268+Sparta+Highway%2C+Crossville%2C+TN+38572&benchmark=Public_AR_Current&format=json" } ], "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 35.9487, "lon": -85.0269, "city": "Crossville", "state": "TN", "county": "Cumberland", "precision": "approximate" }, "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 35.950329936313, "lon": -85.094958392241, "street": "268 Sparta Highway", "city": "Crossville", "state": "TN", "county": "Cumberland" }, "notes": [ "Lists 268 Sparta Hwy as acquired mine property; separate Plateau Rd parcel is Campbell Junction. Census matches ZIP 38555, while contract gives 38572; preserve discrepancy.", "Source review is campus-specific; it does not certify equipment location or noise at a home." ] }, "statusNote": "SEC property contract identifies 268 Sparta Highway. Census ZIP is 38555; contract ZIP is 38572. Nearby WVLT noise reporting does not name the operator; association needs checking.", "noiseProfile": { "kind": "crypto_mine", "exposure": "unverified", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 35.950329936313, "lon": -85.094958392241, "city": "Crossville", "state": "TN", "county": "Cumberland", "precision": "approximate", "street": "268 Sparta Highway", "postalCode": "38555", "pointBasis": "Census street-range estimate for source-identified physical facility address; not equipment or campus boundary" }, "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/827876/000095017024105354/clsk-ex10_4.htm", "https://www.wvlt.tv/2026/07/08/crossville-bitcoin-mining-center-draws-noise-complaints-city-eyes-moratorium-future-data-centers/" ], "facts": [ "Neighboring fabrication business reported ongoing fan noise and heat. Mayor described sound as within city code. Report does not name operator; association inferred from SEC site plus neighboring shop at 240 Sparta Highway, so require independent campus match confirmation." ] } }, { "id": "microsoft-ginger-west-ia", "name": "Microsoft Project Ginger West Data Center", "operator": "Microsoft", "status": "under_construction", "facilityType": "data_center", "confidence": "reported", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "location": { "lat": 41.54058, "lon": -93.85011, "city": "West Des Moines", "state": "IA", "county": "Dallas", "street": "11100 Booneville Road", "precision": "approximate", "postalCode": "50266", "pointBasis": "Iowa DNR facility401154636 point; agency lists accuracy Fair, not building/equipment boundary" }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://facilityexplorer.iowadnr.gov/FacilityExplorer/SiteDetail.aspx?facID=401154636", "label": "Iowa DNR Ginger West facility address and Fair-accuracy point", "publisher": "Iowa DNR", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/blog/ginger-west-datacenter-construction-update/", "kind": "press", "label": "Ginger West datacenter construction update — Microsoft Local", "publisher": "Microsoft", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsofts-project-ginger-west-data-center-in-west-des-moines-gets-planning-approval/", "kind": "press", "label": "Microsoft Project Ginger West data center in West Des Moines gets planning approval", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://www.axios.com/local/des-moines/2026/01/16/microsoft-west-des-moines-data-center-water-zero", "kind": "press", "label": "Microsoft's next data center buildings to use 'zero-water' technology", "publisher": "Axios Des Moines", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07" }, { "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-data-center-iowa-wisconsin-expect", "kind": "press", "label": "Microsoft built 5 data center campuses in this Iowa city. Here's what Wisconsin can expect.", "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-07" }, { "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd", "kind": "other", "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)", "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23" }, { "url": "https://gowestdesmoines.com/news_article/the-city-of-west-des-moines-approved-several-permits-to-proceed-with-the-construction-of-the-data-center/", "kind": "press", "label": "Construction Underway on 4 New Microsoft Data Centers", "publisher": "Go West Des Moines (City of West Des Moines economic development)", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-21" }, { "url": "https://www.businessrecord.com/growth-of-data-centers-in-iowa/", "kind": "press", "label": "Growth of data centers in Iowa", "publisher": "Business Record", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-16" } ], "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Iowa DNR facility401154636 point; agency lists accuracy Fair, not building/equipment boundary", "energy": { "notes": "Iowa wind and renewables; Microsoft contracts 100% carbon-free electricity for Iowa operations", "source": "grid", "utility": "MidAmerican Energy" }, "water": { "notes": "Microsoft's West Des Moines datacenters use direct evaporative cooling (water ~10% of the year, air-cooled the rest); a planned Ginger West building is committed to next-generation 'zero-water' cooling under WDM's 2023 policy favoring reduced peak water use. Microsoft's WDM fleet (five campuses) used ~70M gallons in 2024 (fleet-wide, not Ginger West-specific); Microsoft funded ~$25M in WDM Water Works improvements incl. a 2M-gallon tank.", "coolingType": "hybrid" }, "community": { "notes": "WDM Mayor Russ Trimble has praised Microsoft as a 'game changer' and 'great corporate citizens' (never exceeding agreed water allotments); neighboring residents cite light pollution, traffic, noise, and water-use concerns. No formal opposition group or litigation identified.", "status": "mixed", "sourceIndex": 4 }, "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 41.551, "lon": -93.782, "city": "West Des Moines", "state": "IA", "county": "Polk", "street": "11100 Booneville Road", "precision": "exact" }, "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "physicalAddresses": [ { "kind": "physical", "street": "11100 Booneville Road", "city": "West Des Moines", "state": "IA", "postalCode": "50266", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://facilityexplorer.iowadnr.gov/FacilityExplorer/SiteDetail.aspx?facID=401154636" } ], "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 41.54058, "lon": -93.85011, "street": "11100 Booneville Road", "city": "West Des Moines", "state": "IA", "county": "Dallas" }, "notes": [ "Primary DNR places this campus about5.8kmwest of catalog point, inDallasCounty. Point remains approximate." ] }, "noiseSourceReview": { "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "excludedUrls": [ "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-data-center-iowa-wisconsin-expect" ], "excludeCommunityNotes": true, "reason": "The article is regional; its specific construction-truck noise account names Project Osmium, not Ginger West. This is not evidence that Ginger West is quiet.", "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-data-center-iowa-wisconsin-expect", "https://facilityexplorer.iowadnr.gov/FacilityExplorer/SiteDetail.aspx?facID=401154636" ] } }, { "id": "microsoft-kenosha-wi", "name": "Microsoft Kenosha Data Center Campus", "operator": "Microsoft", "status": "proposed", "facilityType": "data_center", "confidence": "confirmed", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "location": { "lat": 42.537, "lon": -87.89, "city": "Kenosha", "state": "WI", "county": "Kenosha", "street": "State Highway 142 west of Interstate 94", "precision": "approximate" }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.kenoshacountywi.gov/m/newsflash/home/detail/3275", "label": "County identifies separate proposed campus NW of I94/Highway142", "publisher": "Kenosha County", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-acquires-240-acres-in-kenosha-wisconsin-for-data-center-development/", "kind": "press", "label": "Microsoft acquires 240 acres in Kenosha, Wisconsin, for data center development", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://www.areadevelopment.com/newsItems/2-1-2025/microsoft-kenosha-wisconsin.shtml", "kind": "press", "label": "Microsoft Plans Kenosha, Wisconsin, Data Center Operations", "publisher": "Area Development", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://www.we-energies.com/company/area", "kind": "other", "label": "We Energies service area", "publisher": "We Energies", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/we-energies-plans-new-gas-fired-power-plant-to-meet-growing-demand-in-southeast-wisconsin", "kind": "press", "label": "We Energies plans new gas plant for SE Wisconsin demand", "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://www.areadevelopment.com/newsitems/2-1-2025/microsoft-kenosha-wisconsin.shtml", "kind": "press", "label": "Area Development — Microsoft Plans Kenosha, Wisconsin, Data Center Operations", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25" }, { "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/plan-commission-approves-new-kenosha-data-center", "kind": "press", "label": "Plan commission approves new Kenosha data center (four 250,000 sq ft buildings, new substation, air cooling, city sewer and water, annexation from Town of Paris, unanimous approval Nov. 22, 2024)", "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13" }, { "url": "https://www.wgtd.org/news/proposed-kenosha-data-center-remains-table", "kind": "press", "label": "Proposed Kenosha Data Center Remains on the Table (243-acre site west of I-94 along State Highway 142; city awaiting Microsoft site plans; construction could begin 2027)", "publisher": "WGTD", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-13" } ], "notes": "Physical address / reference point reviewed October7,2026. Point remains approximate; see linked source checks.", "energy": { "notes": "We Energies serves Kenosha County; the utility received PSC approval (May 2025) for a 128 MW gas plant in the Town of Paris partly to meet data-center demand. Kenosha City Council unanimously annexed and rezoned ~240 acres (late 2024; four 250,000-sq-ft buildings planned). NOTE: Microsoft's larger Wisconsin figures ($3.3B/$4B investment, thousands of jobs) are for the SEPARATE Mount Pleasant / Racine County campus, NOT this Kenosha site; no Kenosha-specific investment, jobs, water, or site-specific tax-exemption figures have been disclosed.", "source": "grid", "utility": "We Energies (WEC Energy Group)" }, "water": { "notes": "At the November 2024 plan commission hearing the developer's representative said the data center \"will be cooled by air, not water\", while the site will still be connected to Kenosha's sewer and water systems. ⚠️ This is a developer characterization at a zoning hearing, not a published design document, and operators commonly describe a recirculating closed-loop circuit as \"air-cooled\" — revisit when Microsoft files site plans, which the city was still awaiting as of June 2026.", "coolingType": "air" }, "community": { "notes": "Community concerns about noise, traffic, and community character reported in local coverage. Specific claim of 'dozens at November 2025 public meeting' cannot be verified from sources cited in this record; removed pending a sourced reference.", "status": "contested", "sourceIndex": 1 }, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 42.537, "lon": -87.89, "city": "Kenosha", "state": "WI", "county": "Kenosha", "street": "State Highway 142 west of Interstate 94", "precision": "exact" }, "coordinateCorrection": true, "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "locationCheck": { "status": "needs_review", "flags": [ "source_location_conflict" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 42.537, "lon": -87.89, "street": "State Highway 142 west of Interstate 94", "city": "Kenosha", "state": "WI", "county": "Kenosha" }, "notes": [ "Primary county locates the proposed campus northwest of I94/Highway142; imported pin conflicts with this description. No verified parcel point obtained; map pin and numeric proximity are withheld." ] } }, { "id": "newberry-bitcoin-mine-luce-county-mi", "name": "Newberry Bitcoin Mine (Cloverland Electric service territory)", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://bridgemi.com/business-watch/crypto-mines-noisy-nuisance-some-should-michigan-regulate-them/", "kind": "press", "label": "Bridge Michigan — Crypto mines a noisy nuisance to some. Should Michigan regulate them? (three UP mines: two in Dafter, one in Newberry; 2025-07-15)", "publisher": "Bridge Michigan", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-21" }, { "url": "https://www.myupnow.com/news/local/my-up-investigates-bitcoin-mine-noise-drowns-out-childrens-nature-school-who-put-it-there/article_4c117b5c-1626-46e3-9c04-5d2dd1c07902.html", "kind": "press", "label": "My UP Now investigation — Cloverland serves 'two bitcoin mining facilities in Dafter, and a third in the nearby community of Newberry' (2025-06-14)", "publisher": "My UP Now / WJMN", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-21" }, { "url": "https://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search?q=Newberry%2C+Luce+County%2C+Michigan&format=json", "kind": "osm", "label": "OpenStreetMap Nominatim geocode — Newberry, Luce County (village centroid)", "publisher": "OpenStreetMap", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-21" } ], "location": { "lat": 46.3559523, "lon": -85.5098868, "city": "Newberry", "state": "MI", "county": "Luce", "precision": "approximate" }, "operator": "Undisclosed", "confidence": "reported", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "facilityType": "crypto_mining", "notes": "Operator, capacity and exact site are not public; both sources attribute the facility's existence to Cloverland Electric Cooperative. Pin is the Newberry village centroid. Distinct from the tracked Odessa Partners mine in Dafter Township; a second Dafter-area (west of I-75) mine is also reported but is not recorded here because coverage describes it as listed for sale rather than confirmed operating.", "energy": { "notes": "One of three crypto mines served by Cloverland Electric Cooperative (two in Dafter, one in Newberry); Cloverland's mines run on an interruptible rate and must shut down during peak demand", "source": "grid", "utility": "Cloverland Electric Cooperative" }, "recordOrigin": "reviewed_source_scope", "noiseSourceReview": { "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "excludedUrls": [ "https://bridgemi.com/business-watch/crypto-mines-noisy-nuisance-some-should-michigan-regulate-them/", "https://www.myupnow.com/news/local/my-up-investigates-bitcoin-mine-noise-drowns-out-childrens-nature-school-who-put-it-there/article_4c117b5c-1626-46e3-9c04-5d2dd1c07902.html" ], "reason": "The named school noise complaint concerns Dafter/Odessa. Newberry is mentioned only as a separate mine; no Newberry-specific complaint was established.", "sourceUrls": [ "https://bridgemi.com/business-watch/crypto-mines-noisy-nuisance-some-should-michigan-regulate-them/", "https://www.myupnow.com/news/local/my-up-investigates-bitcoin-mine-noise-drowns-out-childrens-nature-school-who-put-it-there/article_4c117b5c-1626-46e3-9c04-5d2dd1c07902.html" ] }, "locationCheck": { "status": "needs_review", "flags": [ "source_location_conflict" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 46.3559523, "lon": -85.5098868, "street": null, "city": "Newberry", "state": "MI", "county": "Luce" }, "notes": [ "Source explicitly geocodes the village centroid; physical mine point is unresolved. Withhold numeric proximity and marker." ] } }, { "id": "jigowatt-stanton-ne", "name": "Jigowatt Stanton Bitcoin Mine", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/a-nebraska-crypto-company-wants-to-get-bigger-landowners-decry-nppds-use-of-eminent-domain-that-will-help-it-grow/", "publisher": "Flatwater Free Press", "label": "June27,2025specificoperatingnoisecomplaints and partialmitigation", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/crypto-needs-cheap-energy-it-found-a-whole-bunch-in-nebraska/", "kind": "press", "label": "Crypto needs cheap energy. It found a whole bunch in Nebraska.", "publisher": "Flatwater Free Press", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" }, { "url": "https://www.ktiv.com/2024/04/30/bitcoin-descended-small-nebraska-county-bringing-big-business-with-big-complaints-neighbors/", "kind": "press", "label": "Bitcoin descended on a small Nebraska county bringing big business, with big complaints from neighbors", "publisher": "KTIV", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" }, { "url": "https://www.1011now.com/2025/06/28/nebraska-crypto-company-wants-get-bigger-landowners-decry-nppds-use-eminent-domain-that-will-help-it-grow/", "kind": "press", "label": "A Nebraska crypto company wants to get bigger. Landowners decry NPPD's use of eminent domain that will help it grow.", "publisher": "1011now (KOLN)", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" }, { "url": "https://www.norfolkneradio.com/news/many-positives-and-negatives-coming-from-new-data-mining-facility-in-stanton-county/article_3e1b0ed2-9b85-11ee-b6c5-1b766c2bde62.html", "kind": "press", "label": "Many positives and negatives coming from new data mining facility in Stanton County", "publisher": "Norfolk NE Radio", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-05" }, { "url": "https://flatwaterfreepress.org/a-nebraska-crypto-company-wants-to-get-bigger-landowners-decry-nppds-use-of-eminent-domain-that-will-help-it-grow/", "kind": "press", "label": "A Nebraska crypto company wants to get bigger; landowners decry NPPD's use of eminent domain", "publisher": "Flatwater Free Press", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-08" } ], "location": { "lat": 41.94722, "lon": -97.21722, "city": "Stanton", "state": "NE", "county": "Stanton", "precision": "approximate" }, "operator": "Jigowatt", "confidence": "confirmed", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "facilityType": "crypto_mining", "notes": "Lincoln-based Jigowatt began installing shipping-container-housed mining rigs (a mix of air-cooled and immersion-cooled containers) on Stanton Public Power District's (SPPD) grid near Stanton starting in 2023; SPPD created a discounted \"interruptible\" large-load electric rate to recruit/retain the customer. Jigowatt is now Stanton County's largest electricity customer by far and is seeking to roughly triple its allowed load, backed by a ~$20M ratepayer-funded distribution upgrade and an NPPD transmission project that has drawn eminent-domain objections from area landowners (reported June/July 2025). Neighbors half a mile or more away (e.g., the Wortmanns) report a persistent low-frequency hum/vibration and resulting health/property concerns; one neighbor abandoned plans to build a new home nearby. MW capacity not publicly disclosed in the coverage reviewed.", "energy": { "source": "grid" }, "capacityMw": { "planned": 70, "operational": 20 }, "community": { "status": "opposed" }, "recordOrigin": "reviewed_source_scope", "locationCheck": { "status": "needs_review", "flags": [ "source_location_conflict" ], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 41.94722, "lon": -97.21722, "street": null, "city": "Stanton", "state": "NE", "county": "Stanton" }, "notes": [ "Imported town reference does not independently locate the rural facility. Primary county permit identifies Lot1KennedyLotSplit,NESE36,T24,R1; no verified parcel coordinates captured. Pin and numeric proximity withheld." ] }, "statusNote": "Operating noise complaints documented by county and June2025reporting. Physical mine point remains unresolved; do not infer audibility from the town reference." }, { "id": "reviewed-nova-mango-farms-bristow-va", "name": "Nova Mango Farms campus — Bristow", "operator": "Nova Mango Farms LLC (regulator-listed entity; Google association unverified)", "status": "operational", "facilityType": "data_center", "confidence": "reported", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_addition", "location": { "lat": 38.77907367, "lon": -77.58622261, "street": "13001 Rollins Ford Road", "city": "Bristow", "state": "VA", "postalCode": "20136", "county": "Prince William", "precision": "approximate" }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://services2.arcgis.com/SbxFMy5nFd6wmwCw/ArcGIS/rest/services/Data_Center_Project/FeatureServer/0/query?f=json&where=UPPER%28Site_Name%29+LIKE+%27%25MANGO%25%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326", "label": "County data-center GIS: registration 74216, operating physical address and reported point", "publisher": "Prince William County", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" } ], "physicalAddresses": [ { "street": "13001 Rollins Ford Road", "city": "Bristow", "state": "VA", "postalCode": "20136", "kind": "physical", "sourceUrl": "https://services2.arcgis.com/SbxFMy5nFd6wmwCw/ArcGIS/rest/services/Data_Center_Project/FeatureServer/0/query?f=json&where=UPPER%28Site_Name%29+LIKE+%27%25MANGO%25%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07" } ], "notes": "Added from county data-center GIS. Approximate regulator-reported point; campus boundaries, Google ownership association and complaint attribution require further review. Supplied Mango Lane addresses are not verified aliases.", "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 38.77907367, "lon": -77.58622261, "street": "13001 Rollins Ford Road", "city": "Bristow", "state": "VA", "postalCode": "20136", "county": "Prince William", "precision": "approximate" }, "flags": [], "basis": "County data-center registry identity, physical address and approximate reported point", "sources": [ "https://services2.arcgis.com/SbxFMy5nFd6wmwCw/ArcGIS/rest/services/Data_Center_Project/FeatureServer/0/query?f=json&where=UPPER%28Site_Name%29+LIKE+%27%25MANGO%25%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&outSR=4326" ] } }, { "id": "aws-north-creek-technology-campus-louisa-va", "name": "AWS Northeast Creek Technology Campus (Louisa)", "operator": "Amazon Web Services", "status": "under_construction", "facilityType": "data_center", "confidence": "reported", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "location": { "lat": 37.999666431819, "lon": -77.967415971191, "city": "Louisa", "state": "VA", "county": "Louisa", "precision": "approximate", "street": "2694 Jefferson Highway", "postalCode": "23093" }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://tammypurcell.substack.com/p/aws-preparing-to-start-work-at-lake", "kind": "press", "label": "Louisa County Planning Commission buffer/landscaping plan discussion (Nov. 9, 2024) + county-sourced reporting", "publisher": "Tammy Purcell / Engage Louisa (citing Louisa County Planning Commission proceedings)", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17" }, { "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-files-for-38-million-sq-ft-data-center-campus-in-louisa-county-virginia/", "kind": "press", "label": "Amazon files for 3.8 million sq ft data center campus in Louisa County, Virginia", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17" }, { "url": "https://www.louisacounty.gov/3258/Data-Centers", "kind": "other", "label": "Louisa County Data Centers information page", "publisher": "Louisa County, VA", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-17" }, { "url": "https://www.nao.usace.army.mil/Media/Public-Notices/Article/3952905/nao-2024-01939-amazon-data-services-louisa-virginia/", "kind": "press", "label": "US Army Corps of Engineers, Norfolk District — Public Notice NAO-2024-01939 (Amazon Data Services, Louisa, Virginia)", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25" }, { "url": "https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/virginia/vawdce/3:2025cv00074/136308/37", "label": "July 10 court opinion: Northeast Creek construction nuisance allegations and Jefferson Highway parcel", "publisher": "U.S. District Court, hosted by Justia", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" } ], "notes": "Primary July 10, 2026 court opinion describes construction beginning March 2025 at Northeast Creek. Jefferson Highway is a physical parcel in the larger campus; point/campus bounds remain unreviewed. Kentucky Road is not a verified alias. Claims are allegations, not a final nuisance finding.", "capacityMw": { "planned": 3000 }, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "physicalAddresses": [ { "street": "2694 Jefferson Highway", "city": "Louisa", "state": "VA", "postalCode": "23093", "kind": "physical", "sourceUrl": "https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/virginia/vawdce/3:2025cv00074/136308/37", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07" } ], "locationCheck": { "status": "needs_review", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 37.999666431819, "lon": -77.967415971191, "city": "Louisa", "state": "VA", "county": "Louisa", "precision": "approximate", "street": "2694 Jefferson Highway", "postalCode": "23093" }, "flags": [ "physical_address_point_not_verified" ], "basis": "Court corroborates one campus parcel; imported approximate campus reference has not been matched to that parcel.", "sources": [ "https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/virginia/vawdce/3:2025cv00074/136308/37" ] } }, { "id": "compass-datacenters-loudoun-county-i-true-north-va", "name": "Compass Datacenters Loudoun County I (\"True North\")", "operator": "Compass Datacenters", "status": "operational", "facilityType": "data_center", "confidence": "reported", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "location": { "lat": 39.0436134, "lon": -77.5372623, "city": "Leesburg", "state": "VA", "county": "Loudoun", "street": "20632 Sycolin Road", "precision": "approximate" }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://datacenterhawk.com/marketplace/providers/compass-datacenters/20632-sycolin-road/loudoun-county-i", "kind": "other", "label": "datacenterHawk — Compass Datacenters Loudoun County I (commissioned, 750,000 SF)", "publisher": "Compass Datacenters", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22" }, { "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/1387391200", "kind": "osm", "label": "OpenStreetMap way/1387391200", "publisher": "OpenStreetMap", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22" }, { "url": "https://www.compassdatacenters.com/compass-datacenters-and-vertiv-a-sound-solution/", "label": "June 2024 operator acknowledgement and mitigation for Leesburg noise concerns", "publisher": "Compass Datacenters", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.vertiv.com/en-us/about/news-and-events/articles/case-studies/good-neighbors-compass-and-vertiv-team-up/", "label": "True North neighbor testimonial and fan/software mitigation case study", "publisher": "Vertiv", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" } ], "notes": "Officially 20632 Sycolin Road, Leesburg VA — same ~97-100 acre campus as the Thunderball Drive address nodes in this batch (Thunderball Dr and Sycolin Rd both border the parcel). Locally/originally branded 'True North' per 2018-2019 rezoning and groundbreaking coverage (Loudoun Times, Dgtl Infra). No operator named 'TIER' or 'TIER/True North' exists; that appears to be an OSM mis-tag. Up to 9 buildings planned, later reduced to ~7 (625k-750k sq ft); datacenterHawk lists status as commissioned/operational. Recommend a human geocode/parcel check before promoting, since exact building-level siting within the campus was not confirmed this session.", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction" }, { "id": "odessa-partners-dafter-township-mi", "name": "Dafter Township Bitcoin Mine", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2025/10/a-bitcoin-mine-came-to-michigans-upper-peninsula-and-dafter-township-isnt-happy/", "kind": "press", "label": "A bitcoin mine came to Michigan's Upper Peninsula, and Dafter Township isn't happy", "publisher": "Great Lakes Now (Detroit PBS)", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09" }, { "url": "https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/6f/80/757c5e4d48acba73659a02c299de/33-def-alpha-watt-llcs-answer-affirmative-defenses-to-lsas-first-amended-complaint-10-13-25.pdf", "label": "October 13, 2025 defendant answer: admitted parcel and address; contested school noise claims", "publisher": "Primary operator, regulator or court source (see source context)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.lakesuperioracademy.com/", "label": "School contact address: 8936 S Mackinac Trail", "publisher": "Primary operator, regulator or court source (see source context)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" } ], "location": { "lat": 46.376365864861, "lon": -84.405366957365, "city": "Sault Ste Marie", "state": "MI", "county": "Chippewa", "precision": "approximate", "street": "8929 S Mackinac Trail", "postalCode": "49783" }, "operator": "Alpha Watt LLC (operator); Odessa Partners (property owner)", "confidence": "reported", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "facilityType": "crypto_mining", "notes": "Defendant court answer admits 8929 S Mackinac Trail parcel and owner/operator roles, while disputing excessive noise. Replaced the township centroid with an approximate Census street-range estimate for the admitted physical address. Supplied M-28 addresses are not aliases. Earlier temporary shutdown/mediation and current resolution remain separate.", "energy": { "notes": "Source states Cloverland Electric Cooperative supplies up to 50% hydroelectric power with the remainder purchased from Wisconsin Electric, generated from coal and natural gas. energy.source is recorded as 'grid' because the site is a utility customer, not an owner of generation.", "source": "grid", "utility": "Cloverland Electric Cooperative" }, "community": { "notes": "Lake Superior Academy, a school directly across the street, filed suit in July 2025 seeking a preliminary injunction, noise reduction and at least $25,000 in damages; a judge issued a temporary restraining order requiring the mine to shut down during the litigation, and the parties were in mediation as of the source. Sound readings reported above 70 decibels. The operator placed hay bales around the facility after the restraining order. Neighbouring Clark Township enacted a one-year moratorium on bitcoin mines.", "status": "litigation", "sourceIndex": 0 }, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "physicalAddresses": [ { "street": "8929 S Mackinac Trail", "city": "Sault Ste Marie", "state": "MI", "postalCode": "49783", "kind": "physical", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/6f/80/757c5e4d48acba73659a02c299de/33-def-alpha-watt-llcs-answer-affirmative-defenses-to-lsas-first-amended-complaint-10-13-25.pdf" }, { "street": "8929 S Mackinac Trail", "city": "Sault Sainte Marie", "state": "MI", "postalCode": "49783", "kind": "physical", "sourceUrl": "https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/6f/80/757c5e4d48acba73659a02c299de/33-def-alpha-watt-llcs-answer-affirmative-defenses-to-lsas-first-amended-complaint-10-13-25.pdf", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07" } ], "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 46.376365864861, "lon": -84.405366957365, "city": "Sault Ste Marie", "state": "MI", "county": "Chippewa", "precision": "approximate", "street": "8929 S Mackinac Trail", "postalCode": "49783" }, "flags": [], "basis": "Admitted physical address/parcel in court answer, captured Census street-range estimate. Approximate, not equipment or parcel boundary.", "sources": [ "https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2025/10/a-bitcoin-mine-came-to-michigans-upper-peninsula-and-dafter-township-isnt-happy/", "https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/6f/80/757c5e4d48acba73659a02c299de/33-def-alpha-watt-llcs-answer-affirmative-defenses-to-lsas-first-amended-complaint-10-13-25.pdf", "https://www.lakesuperioracademy.com/" ] }, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 46.3600203, "lon": -84.4272645, "city": "Dafter", "state": "MI", "county": "Chippewa", "precision": "approximate" }, "coordinateCorrection": { "basis": "Defendant admits parcel/address; Census street-range estimate, not a mapped building or equipment", "sourceUrl": "https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/6f/80/757c5e4d48acba73659a02c299de/33-def-alpha-watt-llcs-answer-affirmative-defenses-to-lsas-first-amended-complaint-10-13-25.pdf", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07" } }, { "id": "digihost-north-tonawanda-ny", "name": "Digihost / Digi Power X — Fortistar North Tonawanda", "status": "operational", "sources": [ { "url": "https://earthjustice.org/press/2026/appeals-court-delivers-blow-to-north-tonawanda-crypto-operation-reinforces-new-yorks-climate-law", "kind": "press", "label": "Appeals Court Delivers Blow to North Tonawanda Crypto Operation, Reinforces New York's Climate Law", "publisher": "Earthjustice", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09" }, { "url": "https://buffalonews.com/news/local/digihost-north-tonawanda-plant-judge-ruling-new-york/article_3451bb94-a2d2-11ef-873b-27c39f255943.html", "kind": "press", "label": "Digihost North Tonawanda Plant Judge Ruling", "publisher": "Buffalo News", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10" }, { "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/citys-data-center-moratorium-in-new-york-impacts-digi-power-xs-hopes-to-convert-cryptomine-to-ai-data-center/", "kind": "press", "label": "City's Data Center Moratorium in New York Impacts Digi Power X's Hopes to Convert Cryptomine to AI Data Center", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10" }, { "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S10642", "kind": "filing", "label": "S10642 - Responsible Data Center Development Act", "publisher": "New York State Senate", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-10" }, { "url": "https://gis.niagaracounty.com/arcgis/rest/services/NC_GIS/NC_GIS/FeatureServer/4/query?where=SBL%3D%271820070001013001%27&outFields=*&outSR=4326&f=json", "kind": "other", "label": "Niagara County parcel/GIS record (parcel SBL 1820070001013001 (ParcelId 6189))", "publisher": "Niagara County GIS / Assessor", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-18" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1854368/000121390024079037/ea0210555-20f_digihost.htm", "label": "SEC annual report: North Tonawanda facility at 1070 Erie Avenue", "publisher": "Primary operator, regulator or court source (see source context)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.northtonawanda.org/documents/legal%20notice/fortistar%20amended%20seqr_2.pdf", "label": "City project record: Fortistar / Digihost at 1070 Erie Avenue", "publisher": "Primary operator, regulator or court source (see source context)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.classaction.org/media/demers-et-al-v-digi-power-x-inc.pdf", "label": "Filed April 6, 2026 federal complaint: campus noise and vibration allegations", "publisher": "Primary operator, regulator or court source (see source context)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://mde.maryland.gov/programs/air/documents/184c-petition.pdf", "label": "Government filing, Attachment 6 Table 8: historical Fortistar plant reference point", "publisher": "Primary operator, regulator or court source (see source context)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/data/dar/afs/permits/prr_929120005900013_r2.pdf", "label": "NYDEC permit review: Fortistar facility identity and 1070 Erie Avenue address", "publisher": "Primary operator, regulator or court source (see source context)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://mde.maryland.gov/programs/air/documents/184c-petition.pdf", "label": "Government filing, Attachment 6 Table 8: historical Fortistar plant reference point", "publisher": "Government source", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/data/dar/afs/permits/prr_929120005900013_r2.pdf", "label": "NYDEC permit review: Fortistar facility identity and 1070 Erie Avenue address", "publisher": "Government source", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" } ], "location": { "lat": 43.0483121591696, "lon": -78.85360658271534, "city": "North Tonawanda", "state": "NY", "county": "Niagara", "precision": "approximate", "street": "1070 Erie Avenue", "postalCode": "14120" }, "operator": "Digihost (Digi Power X)", "confidence": "confirmed", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "facilityType": "crypto_mining", "notes": "SEC, city and federal complaint identify 1070 Erie Avenue. Retained point agrees within 24 m with a historical government Fortistar power-plant reference. Approximate shared-campus reference, not a parcel centroid, current fan or boundary. Supplied 73/90 Erie addresses are not facility aliases.", "energy": { "notes": "The site is the former Fortistar North Tonawanda gas plant, purchased by Digihost in 2022 (PSC-approved) and used to power 24/7 mining. Earthjustice describes it as a 55-megawatt gas plant that was rarely utilised before the sale.", "source": "on_site_gas", "onSiteGenerationMw": 55 }, "capacityMw": { "planned": 120, "operational": 60 }, "community": { "notes": "The Clean Air Coalition of Western New York and Sierra Club, represented by Earthjustice, sued the NY Public Service Commission over its approval of the Fortistar sale. A November 2024 Albany County Supreme Court ruling was affirmed on 2026-05-28 by the Appellate Division, Third Department, which held the PSC must assess the emissions impacts of the sale under the CLCPA and has not yet completed that analysis.", "status": "litigation", "sourceIndex": 0 }, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "physicalAddresses": [ { "street": "1070 Erie Avenue", "city": "North Tonawanda", "state": "NY", "postalCode": "14120", "kind": "physical", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1854368/000121390024079037/ea0210555-20f_digihost.htm" } ], "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 43.0483121591696, "lon": -78.85360658271534, "city": "North Tonawanda", "state": "NY", "county": "Niagara", "precision": "approximate", "street": "1070 Erie Avenue", "postalCode": "14120" }, "flags": [], "basis": "Maryland Department of EnvironmentSept6,2018 ozonepetition Attachment6table8 listsORIS54131FortistarNorthTonawandaIncNTCT1at43.0483,-78.8539; NYDEC2016permitreviewmatchesFortistar1070ErieAve DECID9291200059. Historicalpowerplantreferencecorroboratesexistingpointatsharedcampus,notverifiedparcelcentroid/boundaryorcurrentfans.", "sources": [ "https://earthjustice.org/press/2026/appeals-court-delivers-blow-to-north-tonawanda-crypto-operation-reinforces-new-yorks-climate-law", "https://buffalonews.com/news/local/digihost-north-tonawanda-plant-judge-ruling-new-york/article_3451bb94-a2d2-11ef-873b-27c39f255943.html", "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/citys-data-center-moratorium-in-new-york-impacts-digi-power-xs-hopes-to-convert-cryptomine-to-ai-data-center/", "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S10642", "https://gis.niagaracounty.com/arcgis/rest/services/NC_GIS/NC_GIS/FeatureServer/4/query?where=SBL%3D%271820070001013001%27&outFields=*&outSR=4326&f=json", "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1854368/000121390024079037/ea0210555-20f_digihost.htm", "https://www.northtonawanda.org/documents/legal%20notice/fortistar%20amended%20seqr_2.pdf", "https://www.classaction.org/media/demers-et-al-v-digi-power-x-inc.pdf", "https://mde.maryland.gov/programs/air/documents/184c-petition.pdf", "https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/data/dar/afs/permits/prr_929120005900013_r2.pdf", "https://mde.maryland.gov/programs/air/documents/184c-petition.pdf", "https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/data/dar/afs/permits/prr_929120005900013_r2.pdf" ] } }, { "id": "cyrusone-chi1-chi3-aurora-il", "name": "CyrusOne CHI1-CHI3 (Aurora)", "operator": "CyrusOne", "status": "operational", "facilityType": "data_center", "confidence": "reported", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "location": { "lat": 41.7966077, "lon": -88.2438232, "city": "Aurora", "state": "IL", "county": "DuPage", "precision": "approximate", "street": "2905 Diehl Road", "postalCode": "60502" }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/aurora-il", "kind": "other", "label": "CyrusOne facility directory", "publisher": "CyrusOne", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-21" }, { "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/199252950", "kind": "osm", "label": "OpenStreetMap way/199252950", "publisher": "OpenStreetMap", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-22" }, { "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/resources/blogs/cyrusone-intelliscale-design-and-ai-data-center-faq", "kind": "other", "label": "CyrusOne AI/HPC — Aurora campus AI-optimized via CyrusOne Intelliscale high-density desi", "publisher": "cyrusone.com", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23" }, { "url": "https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=597555ce8e4a4892a030784a7c657fdd", "kind": "other", "label": "HIFLD Electric Retail Service Territories (ORNL/DOE-CESER, 2023-08 vintage)", "publisher": "Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) / HIFLD", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-23" }, { "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/aurora-il-back-up-generator-schedule", "kind": "other", "label": "Operator Aurora campus sound mitigation and backup generator updates", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24" }, { "url": "https://documents.cyrusone.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/CyrusOne-Compliance-8-Sept-2021.pdf", "label": "Operator facility matrix: 2905 Diehl CHI1 and 2805 Diehl CHI2", "publisher": "Primary operator, regulator or court source (see source context)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://webapps.illinois.gov/EPA/WebSiteApi/api/PublicNotices/GetAirPermitDocument/10253", "label": "IEPA draft permit: 2905 E Diehl Road, DuPage County; address evidence, not compliance proof", "publisher": "Primary operator, regulator or court source (see source context)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/aurora-il-back-up-generator-schedule", "label": "Operator Aurora campus sound mitigation and backup generator updates", "publisher": "Primary operator, regulator or court source (see source context)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" } ], "notes": "Operator facility matrix corroborates 2905 Diehl Road (CHI1) and 2805 Diehl Road (CHI2). IEPA draft identifies DuPage County. Existing OSM campus reference retained; captured Census street-range match for 2905 lies about 166 m away. Point is approximate, not equipment or campus edge. Campus-wide mitigation source separates CHI2 generator incidents and cooling systems.", "energy": { "notes": "CHI1-CHI3 in Aurora, IL run on the standard ComEd grid. CyrusOne's own back-up generation schedule page describes working with ComEd to reduce diesel generator run time (standard backup/demand-response practice, not a defining clean-energy procurement). No site-specific solar/wind/nuclear PPA found for this campus.", "source": "grid", "utility": "ComEd" }, "water": { "coolingType": "closed_loop" }, "capacityMw": { "operational": 109 }, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "physicalAddresses": [ { "street": "2905 Diehl Road", "city": "Aurora", "state": "IL", "postalCode": "60502", "kind": "physical", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://documents.cyrusone.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/CyrusOne-Compliance-8-Sept-2021.pdf" }, { "street": "2905 E Diehl Road", "city": "Aurora", "state": "IL", "postalCode": "60502", "kind": "physical", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://webapps.illinois.gov/EPA/WebSiteApi/api/PublicNotices/GetAirPermitDocument/10253" }, { "street": "2805 Diehl Road", "city": "Aurora", "state": "IL", "postalCode": "60502", "kind": "physical", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://documents.cyrusone.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/CyrusOne-Compliance-8-Sept-2021.pdf" } ], "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "flags": [], "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 41.7966077, "lon": -88.2438232, "city": "Aurora", "state": "IL", "county": "DuPage", "precision": "approximate", "street": "2905 Diehl Road", "postalCode": "60502" }, "basis": "Primary physical address/county review; retained linked OSM building/campus point agrees with captured street-range reference within 500 m. Approximate.", "sources": [ "https://documents.cyrusone.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/CyrusOne-Compliance-8-Sept-2021.pdf", "https://webapps.illinois.gov/EPA/WebSiteApi/api/PublicNotices/GetAirPermitDocument/10253", "https://www.cyrusone.com/data-centers/north-america/aurora-il-back-up-generator-schedule" ] } }, { "id": "xai-colossus-memphis-tn", "name": "Colossus", "operator": "xAI", "status": "operational", "facilityType": "data_center", "confidence": "reported", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-07", "location": { "lat": 35.060079623807, "lon": -90.152191877654, "city": "Memphis", "state": "TN", "county": "Shelby", "precision": "approximate", "street": "3231 Riverport Road", "postalCode": "38109" }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_(supercomputer)", "kind": "press", "label": "Colossus (supercomputer) — Wikipedia", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-16" }, { "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/musk-says-xai-has-built-worlds-most-powerful-ai-training-cluster-2024-09-24/", "kind": "press", "label": "Musk says xAI has built world's most powerful AI training cluster — Reuters", "publisher": "Reuters", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-05" }, { "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/xai-doubles-number-of-onsite-gas-turbines-at-memphis-data-center-in-violation-of-permit-limits/", "kind": "press", "label": "xAI doubles number of on-site gas turbines at Memphis data center in violation of permit limits — Data Center Dynamics", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://www.governing.com/resilience/wastewater-will-cool-this-memphis-data-center", "kind": "press", "label": "Wastewater Will Cool This Memphis Data Center — Governing", "publisher": "Governing", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/16/musks-xai-permits-challenged-by-naacp-environmental-groups-memphis.html", "kind": "press", "label": "Musk's xAI permits challenged by NAACP, environmental groups in Memphis — CNBC", "publisher": "CNBC", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-06" }, { "url": "https://dailymemphian.com/article/51159/heres-what-xai-will-pay-in-property-taxes", "kind": "press", "label": "Here's what xAI will pay in property taxes", "publisher": "Daily Memphian", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-09" }, { "url": "https://dataviewers.tdec.tn.gov/dataviewers/BGWPC.GET_WPC_DOCUMENTS?p_file=161864289419633869", "label": "TDEC construction notice: Colossus at 3231 Riverport Road; water permitting, not a noise finding", "publisher": "Primary operator, regulator or court source (see source context)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://cohen.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/cohen.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/2026.02.25-xai-mayo-community-engagement.pdf", "label": "Congressional letter addressed to xAI at Riverport; Southaven impact discussion is separate", "publisher": "Primary operator, regulator or court source (see source context)", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://downloads.regulations.gov/EPA-HQ-OAR-2025-1212-0253/attachment_18.pdf", "label": "EPA-hosted SELC public submission identifies xAI Colossus at 3231 Paul R Lowry Road; indexed text reviewed, full PDF unavailable", "publisher": "SELC public submission hosted by EPA", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.nlrb.gov/case/15-CA-206187", "label": "2017 federal case identifies former Electrolux employer address at 3231 Paul R Lowry Road", "publisher": "NLRB", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-07" }, { "url": "https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2026-08-14/misaligned-colossus-musks-data-empire-anthropic", "publisher": "The Bureau of Investigative Journalism", "label": "Colossus 1 on-site turbine reporting; continuous operation attributed to community representative", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-15" } ], "notes": "TDEC original construction notice corroborates Colossus at 3231 Riverport Road despite Census no-match. EPA-hosted indexed public submission supplies Paul R Lowry Road alias, also the former Electrolux federal-record address. Replace displaced imported point with that alias Census street estimate; approximate, not equipment/boundary. No Riverport-specific reviewed noise complaint established; air petitions and Southaven litigation remain separate. October 15 targeted equipment review adds a sourced continuous-generation profile. No campus-specific residential noise measurement or confirmed resolution was established.", "energy": { "notes": "About 35 on-site natural-gas turbines (a combined 422 MW per SELC and aerial imagery) supplement a 150 MW grid substation and Tesla Megapack storage. The Shelby County Health Department permitted only 15 turbines; the SELC/NAACP/Young, Gifted & Green appeal of that permit was dismissed as moot by the Memphis and Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board on a 6-1 vote on 2025-12-15 (after the health department and xAI argued most turbines had been removed), ending the appeal-triggered stay and leaving the permit in force; press at the time reported 12 SCR-equipped turbines still active and a permit expiring 2027-01-02. TVA's board voted unanimously on 2026-02-11 to approve an additional 150 MW of firm power, which would double the approved grid allocation to about 300 MW; that approval is contingent on contractual, financial and operational requirements and is a ceiling, not delivered power — as of 2026-09-23 no source reports the second increment energized, and the site is still described as taking 150 MW from the grid. xAI said the Phase-I temporary turbines would be demobilized after grid connection, but 2025 aerial imagery shows 35 on site.", "source": "mixed", "utility": "Memphis Light Gas & Water (MLGW) / TVA", "onSiteGenerationMw": 422 }, "water": { "notes": "The open cooling loop's design draw is roughly 3 MGD from the Memphis Sands aquifer via MLGW (xAI engineer, per Governing), though Protect Our Aquifer reported a lower early-operational actual of ~0.8 MGD (~812,000 gal/day) in early 2025 as the site was still ramping. xAI broke ground in Oct 2025 on an $80M greywater-recycling plant at the T.E. Maxson wastewater facility (targeting ~10 MGD of treated wastewater); construction was later paused.", "coolingType": "evaporative", "reportedMgd": 3 }, "capacityMw": { "planned": 1200, "operational": 150 }, "community": { "notes": "The NAACP (with SELC and Earthjustice) sued xAI over roughly 35 unpermitted methane gas turbines; the county permitted only 15, and the NAACP/SELC appeal to the Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board stays it. The permit drew 1,700+ public comments, most opposed, and South Memphis (Boxtown) residents already face elevated asthma and cancer rates. xAI did not pursue a Shelby County EDGE PILOT tax abatement; no public subsidy is on record.", "status": "litigation", "sourceIndex": 4 }, "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "recordOrigin": "reviewed_correction", "physicalAddresses": [ { "street": "3231 Riverport Road", "city": "Memphis", "state": "TN", "postalCode": "38109", "kind": "physical", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "sourceUrl": "https://dataviewers.tdec.tn.gov/dataviewers/BGWPC.GET_WPC_DOCUMENTS?p_file=161864289419633869" }, { "street": "3231 Paul R Lowry Road", "city": "Memphis", "state": "TN", "postalCode": "38109", "kind": "physical", "sourceUrl": "https://downloads.regulations.gov/EPA-HQ-OAR-2025-1212-0253/attachment_18.pdf", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07" } ], "locationCheck": { "status": "reviewed_location", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07", "auditedLocation": { "lat": 35.060079623807, "lon": -90.152191877654, "city": "Memphis", "state": "TN", "county": "Shelby", "precision": "approximate", "street": "3231 Riverport Road", "postalCode": "38109" }, "flags": [], "basis": "TDEC physical address; indexed EPA-hosted public submission and historical NLRB alias; captured alternate-address Census street estimate. Approximate reference, not acoustic verification.", "sources": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_(supercomputer)", "https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/musk-says-xai-has-built-worlds-most-powerful-ai-training-cluster-2024-09-24/", "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/xai-doubles-number-of-onsite-gas-turbines-at-memphis-data-center-in-violation-of-permit-limits/", "https://www.governing.com/resilience/wastewater-will-cool-this-memphis-data-center", "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/16/musks-xai-permits-challenged-by-naacp-environmental-groups-memphis.html", "https://dailymemphian.com/article/51159/heres-what-xai-will-pay-in-property-taxes", "https://dataviewers.tdec.tn.gov/dataviewers/BGWPC.GET_WPC_DOCUMENTS?p_file=161864289419633869", "https://cohen.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/cohen.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/2026.02.25-xai-mayo-community-engagement.pdf", "https://downloads.regulations.gov/EPA-HQ-OAR-2025-1212-0253/attachment_18.pdf", "https://www.nlrb.gov/case/15-CA-206187" ] }, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 35.0565, "lon": -90.0148, "city": "Memphis", "state": "TN", "county": "Shelby", "precision": "exact" }, "coordinateCorrection": { "basis": "Corroborated alternate physical street alias; Census street-range estimate, not a building centroid", "sourceUrl": "https://downloads.regulations.gov/EPA-HQ-OAR-2025-1212-0253/attachment_18.pdf", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-07" }, "noiseProfile": { "kind": "industrial_campus", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-15", "exposure": "continuous_generation", "facts": [ "An August 14, 2026 on-site report describes gas turbines at Colossus 1; the interviewed community representative reports continuous operation.", "This equipment review does not establish sound levels at neighboring homes or transfer Southaven complaints to Memphis." ], "sourceUrls": [ "https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2026-08-14/misaligned-colossus-musks-data-empire-anthropic" ], "reviewedLocation": { "lat": 35.060079623807, "lon": -90.152191877654, "city": "Memphis", "state": "TN", "county": "Shelby", "precision": "approximate", "street": "3231 Riverport Road", "postalCode": "38109" } } }, { "id": "meta-forest-city-nc", "name": "Meta Forest City Data Center", "operator": "Meta", "status": "operational", "facilityType": "data_center", "confidence": "confirmed", "lastUpdated": "2026-10-16", "location": { "lat": 35.317, "lon": -81.826, "city": "Forest City", "state": "NC", "county": "Rutherford", "precision": "approximate" }, "sources": [ { "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/forest-city-data-center-info-sheet/", "kind": "other", "label": "Meta Forest City Data Center info sheet — broke ground 2010, $750M+ invested in North Carolina", "publisher": "Meta Data Centers", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19" }, { "url": "https://gis.rutherfordcountync.gov/server/rest/services/Addressing/MapServer/2/query?where=PIN=%271558722267%27&f=json", "kind": "other", "label": "Rutherford County GIS parcel record (PIN 1558722267, 408 Social Circle — ANDALE LLC, Menlo Park mailing address, $176.9M assessed building value = built)", "publisher": "Rutherford County GIS / Assessor", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-19" }, { "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2014/09/05/study-facebook-data-center-north-carolina-massive-economic-impact", "kind": "other", "label": "Data Center Knowledge - Study: Facebook Data Center in NC Has Massive Economic Impact (search-summary, not directly fetched)", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-24" }, { "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/forest-city-data-center-info-sheet/", "kind": "press", "label": "Meta Data Centers — Meta's Forest City Data Center info sheet (Meta's own newsroom)", "retrievedAt": "2026-09-14" }, { "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2010/11/11/facebook-plans-north-carolina-data-center", "kind": "press", "label": "Data Center Knowledge — Facebook Plans North Carolina Data Center (2010)", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25" }, { "url": "https://rutherfordncedc.com/newsdetail_T9_R80.php", "kind": "subsidy", "label": "Rutherford County Economic Development Commission — Data Centers Growing in North Carolina", "retrievedAt": "2026-07-25" }, { "url": "https://www.wunc.org/environment/2026-04-10/data-centers-north-carolina-developers", "kind": "press", "label": "North Carolina data center developers are moving hyperscale projects forward at hyperspeed", "publisher": "WUNC", "retrievedAt": "2026-08-15" }, { "url": "https://raleighnc.gov/services/unified-development-ordinance-udo/data-centers-faq", "publisher": "City of Raleigh", "label": "Municipal FAQ identifies Meta campus at 404 Social Circle; does not establish a new coordinate.", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-16" } ], "notes": "Meta (Facebook) data center on Social Circle, Forest City, Rutherford County — broke ground 2010, operational ~2012, a multi-parcel campus (parcels owned by 'Andale LLC', a Meta subsidiary confirmed via Meta's SEC 10-K Exhibit 21.1 and the Menlo Park HQ mailing address), with a third facility announced 2015. Meta reports $750M+ invested in North Carolina; the 408 Social Circle parcel alone carries $176.9M assessed building value (built, not land-bank). No site-specific IT-load MW is disclosed. Coordinates are a Rutherford County GIS parcel centroid, held approximate pending a raw-geometry re-pull; a follow-up GIS pass could upgrade precision to exact.", "energy": { "notes": "Multiple independent outlets describe the Forest City data center as running on 100% renewable solar energy backed by five separate NC solar PPAs arranged through Duke Energy, consistent with Meta's site-specific procurement pattern at its other campuses.", "source": "solar", "utility": "Duke Energy" }, "water": { "notes": "Consumed about 4 million gallons of water in 2024, per WUNC. Forest City's town manager said officials 'were shocked at how little water they used.'" }, "community": { "notes": "Forest City Town Manager Janet Mason described Meta as 'an excellent neighbor,' citing supplies and volunteer help distributed after Hurricane Helene, and noted the facility brought few of the negatives associated with data centers.", "status": "supported", "sourceIndex": 6 }, "coordinateCorrection": true, "upstreamLocation": { "lat": 35.317, "lon": -81.826, "city": "Forest City", "state": "NC", "county": "Rutherford", "precision": "approximate" }, "recordOrigin": "reviewed_campus_identity", "aliases": [ "Facebook Forest City", "Andale Forest City" ], "physicalAddresses": [ { "street": "404 Social Circle", "city": "Forest City", "state": "NC", "reviewedAt": "2026-10-16", "sourceUrls": [ "https://raleighnc.gov/services/unified-development-ordinance-udo/data-centers-faq" ], "kind": "physical", "sourceUrl": "https://raleighnc.gov/services/unified-development-ordinance-udo/data-centers-faq", "postalCode": "28043" } ] } ], "purpose": "Source-specific physical addresses, bounded location corrections and complaint/response reviews; not a certification of all inventory locations or sound at homes." }